<font face='Times New Roman' size=2><hr noshade color=#FF0000 size=1>Omportant essay<br><br><hr noshade color=#FF0000 size=1><b><font face='Times New Roman' size='3' color='#afoe25'>Going Home</font></b><br><br><font face='Arial' size='2' color='#757575'>This account of my visit to my homeland last year is an attempt to express the pain, the bitterness and the anger I feel for being an Indian, a Kashmiri and a Kashmiri in exile at a time when the memory of another minority in another border state of India recently undergoing a more brutal, a more heinous 'pogrom' is still fresh.</font><br><font face='Verdana' size='1' color='#000000'>Ajay Raina</font><br><br><font size=2 face='Times New Roman'><blockquote>
<p><br><br> "If you gaze long into
an abyss, the abyss will gaze back into you."
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i> Friedrich Nietzsche </i>
<p>
<p> <font size="7">W</font>hen I talk to my KP [Kashmiri Pandit] friends about
reconciliation and hope in Kashmir or even about atrocities committed upon the innocents in Gujarat, I am
mostly shaken by the response. After so many years their anger and bitterness and hatred towards Muslims
remains:
<blockquote>
<p> "Gujarat and Kashmir represent two faces of the same coin. When Pandits were killed and thrown
out of Kashmir, no one in India gave a damn. Now Muslims were butchered in Gujarat, and no one in India gave a
damn. Yet there are differences between the situation with Pandits and hapless Muslim victims in Gujarat - not
in what happened, but in the manner how the social conscience in India reacted.
<p> "Very few humanists in India
came to the aid of KPs. No one linked militant Islam to growing fundamentalism in the National Conference,
and almost no one blamed the State government for its ineptitude or demanded the CM should be declared a
criminal.
<p> "Gujarat, on the other hand, has become the hollowed ground for Indian humanists, who are eager to
link berserk Hindus to the party in power, want the CM's head on a platter and see the "dubious hand" of
the Center in the tragedy.
<p> "In the end, however, Indian traditions of fate, indifference, passivity and burdens
of day-to-day living have again triumphed in keeping the silent majority silent, whereas Hindu and Muslim
criminals and humanists keep busy dispensing justice by tools of their trades."
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i> A Kashmiri Pandit. </i>
<p>
<p> <font size="7">F</font>or more
than a year now, I have found myself unable to express in words the desolation, the desperation, the
hopelessness and the living death of Kashmir which I was witness to when I was last there. This account of my
visit to my homeland last year is an attempt to express the pain, the bitterness and the anger I feel for
being an Indian, a Kashmiri and a Kashmiri in exile at a time when the memory of another minority in another border state of
India recently undergoing a more brutal, a more heinous ‘pogrom’ is still fresh.
<p><b>Back In Srinagar</b>
<p> At the top
end corner of the famous Lal Chowk of Srinagar -- named after the Moscow’s famous Red Square -- stands Hotel Neelam, strategically placed in the heart of
Srinagar at the tri-junction of its most active thoroughfare.
<p> Looking straight ahead through the shattered glass panes of
the hotel you will see the clock tower that never ever showed the correct time right from the day it came to
be installed there after a fanfare inauguration by the Sher-e-Kashmir himself. Beyond the clock tower is the
Residency road of the British Imperial times.
<p> This road was later named Shahid Sherwani Road after the martyr
who single-handedly stopped the Pakistani tribal raiders from reaching Srinagar in 1948 for which he paid by
his life – a tortuous and agonizing death; he was nailed to a cross. The road was later, re-named its
original name. After 1990, every other known and unknown landmark of Srinagar that even remotely suggested of
Kashmir’s association with Independent India was re-named or not re-re-named at all.
<p> To the left of Hotel Neelam are the now
completely gutted Palladium Cinema and Hotel Lalla Rukh and beyond to Maisuma, Gow Kadal to Haba Kadal to
Fateh Kadal and the infamous Downtown. To its right is the road that leads to the Amira Kadal, the first of
the seven bridges of the ancient Srinagar city. The Srinagar city, at all times of the day wears a look of
desolation and permanent mourning. After dark it is frightening.
<p> <b>To a poet who died before me</b>
<blockquote>
<p> A patrol is stationed on the bridge and a car
hoots like a cuckoo.
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i> Agha Shahid Ali </i>
<p>
Inside Hotel Neelam, one sad evening on a cold December day, an old man in his mid seventies was warming
himself beside a bukhari along with another young man. We were the only three guests in the restaurant of the
hotel that late evening. The streets had already emptied out. There was no electricity, which is usual in
Srinagar’s winters, because the waters freeze and there is not enough of it left to run the power plants.
<p>
The locals, however, believe that most of the electricity generated in Kashmir is sold off to the neighbouring
states in the plains of India, as part payment of unresolved debts of past. I was in Srinagar for the first
time ever after the events of 1990. I was scared because, it was the first night of my stay in Srinagar and I
was alone.
<p> The old man asked me for a cigarette which I helpfully proffered. Before long, the old man started
getting interested in me -- he asked me where I was from, why I was in Srinagar and last of all he asked me my
name … I told him my name was Ajay Kumar and then I added Raina to it as a afterthought. I was not really sure
than, if I could announce my identity to any unknown person in Srinagar so soon; an identity that did not
matter to me elsewhere, but in Srinagar, could have been a matter of life and death to me at anytime in the
past 12 years.
<p>
He asked me my father's name and I told him… I do not know if it was just the smoke of the Bukhari, but I saw
a film of cloud come over his eyes, a mist of certain sadness, a tinge of remorse perhaps? He said he used to
know my father well; they had been professional colleagues till the time he had to leave... we got talking and
he told me of an incident more than 40 years old.
<blockquote>
<p> "It was the
Autumn of 1958…I was with a group of friends, having tea in this same restaurant, about the same hour as
now, the hour of the evening news bulletins from Radio Kashmir -- as All India Radio is known in Kashmir. The
news announced the release of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah from one of his numerous incarcerations. There was an
instantaneous jubilation all around.
<p>"The shopkeepers downed their shutters and came out on the road and the
people walking back home from office, old and young, all made up an impromptu procession that started from Lal
Chowk and wended its euphoric way down the residency road, past hotel Lalla Rukh, past Biscoe school, past
Partap Park towards Regal Chowk.
<p>"It was a huge procession of people carrying lit candles, with thanksgiving
songs on their lips. It was a huge mass of euphoria that turned into a mass frenzy in no time. At the Regal
Chowk, someone from among the crowd, pointing to a house, started uttering the choicest Kashmiri abuses…
<p>"In
no time; a man (one of the cabinet minister or the party official - I don’t clearly remember which it was -
of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad’s then government) was dragged down from his apartment and roundly abused and
beaten up by the mob.
<p>"With the light of the lit candles in their hands, the mob set that badly mauled and
almost lifeless man to a blaze. Over his burning body, writhing in death throes, they danced…and they sang
songs of thanksgiving to the God for Sher-e-Kashmir’s release.
<p>
"I was watching this gory celebration from the side pavement on Residency road near Regal Chowk. An old frightened man, a Kashmiri Pandit with his typical headdress and ‘tilak’ on his forehead,
nudged me and asked me if I had a pen and some paper. I fished the same from my pocket and gave it to him…He
wrote something on the paper and returned it to me with an urging, that I must preserve the paper and remember
this mad moment…On the paper was written,
<p> <blockquote> "'I may not be there when the same sight will repeat before your
eyes, sometime in the near future. These very people who are singing the praises of their Sher-e-Kashmir
today, will one day burn his effigy on these very streets of Srinagar. The person they revile now will in turn
be visited at his grave with flowers by the same men.'
<p>"In 1990, I saw the prediction of that Pandit come true. In the euphoria of ‘azadi’ and mass frenzy, the
people of Kashmir, who so revered their Sher-e-Kashmir, actually wanted to dig up the very bones of their very
dear leader from his mausoleum.
<p>"The grave of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, to this day remains guarded 24 hours of
day and night by a posse of heavily armed security man. His son rules Kashmir now. [<i>This conversation,
you'd recall took place last year, before the October 2002 elections -- Ed</i>] He will in his own time
anoint his own son as heir-apparent of Kashmir, in the same imperial fashion of Indian Maharajas, the way
Sheikh Abdullah did more than 20 years ago when there was wide spread jubilation on the streets of Srinagar.
On the other hand, the memory of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, the Chief Minister replacement of Sheikh Abdullah in
1953 remains unsullied…"
<p>
"At that time, in 1990, in the spirit of the Old Pandits prediction, I had made my very
own prediction about the future of Kashmir:
<p>" 'These very people who have brought our land and the Pandits of
Kashmir to their present misery will one day turn upon each other and tear each other apart.’
</blockquote>
<p> "This, my friend," he concluded, "is the entire story of what has
happened to Kashmir in the last 12 years since Kashmiri Pandits left because of a forced exodus."
<p>
I never met him again after that…but subsequently, I have come to know, and read and hear that during those
initial moments of euphoria in 1990, the same kinds of forebodings and apprehensions had occurred to many
older generation Kashmiris about the future of Kashmir.
<p> The waters of the many sacred springs and revered
religious shrines of Kashmiri Pandits and Muslims had turned dark or had begun to overflow. The forebodings of
imminent catastrophe in Kashmir are too numerous to recall, but magnitude of death and destruction that has
visited upon Kashmir in the past decade, has permanently scarred the landscape of the valley and the psyche of
its people within Kashmir and of those in exile in the plains of India.
<p> <font size="7">I</font>n 1990,
the Militants of Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front and Hizbul Mujahideen dealt my sense of self and my
identity as an Indian a humiliatingly serious blow. 12 years since, it is still hard for any of the people who
belong to my community to consider going back home.
<p> When we cried for our people then - some shot in the head
with a single bullet, some tortured to death, some hanged, some sawed off into a hundred body parts and some
gang-raped to death, and when we cried for our homes, farms, orchards and a heritage of traditions and beliefs
left behind - we were graciously enough provided ‘tents’ and a ‘migrant’ status within our own
country, so we could be left on our own to wipe our tears and pick up the threads of life in exile.
<p> Nobody
spoke up for us then, and not enough. The wounds of ‘forced exile’ of an entire community of Kashmiri
Pandits have begun to fester and bleed again after the events of Godhra and Gujarat. My heart cries out for
them but the tears have long dried up.
<p> How can I even defend what I have become?
<p> But yes, Gujarat affects me
too. It affects me enough to remind me of my own secondary status as an ‘exile’ in my own country. When I
saw the images of death and destruction and read about the horror tales from Gujarat, I only saw annihilation
of my race in Kashmir re-re-revisited upon another hapless community of people who belong to a religion in
whose name the hapless and non-violent minorities of Kashmir valley were forced into exile.
<p> <font size="7">S</font>ome wise man has said, "Rebellions are normally started by the hopeful not the abject poor." I am not
sure if, when the people of Kashmir rose up in revolt against India, they were really hopeful of winning, or
even if they were really sure about the real contours of the ‘azadi’ they were seeking.
<p> The success of the
‘popular’ revolt that lasted only a few years – till the slaying of Professor. Mushir-ul-Haq, I was told
- was due partly because of the frightening power of the gun over the local populace, and mostly because of
the collapse of every organ of local governance and the abject surrender of will by the then inept Chief
Minister of J&K.
<p> If only, if only they had refused to release the
JKLF militants in exchange of Rubia Sayeed. If only, if only they had not started the sudden night time searches on
January 19-20, reportedly on nobody’s orders because that day Farooq Abdullah had already resigned. If only,
if only the massacre at Gow Kadal had not taken place. If only, if only the procession carrying Moulvi Farooq’s Dead
body had not been fired upon by panicking CRPF soldiers. perhaps the contours of the ‘militant-azadi’
movement that picked up as a consequence of these errors of judgment may have been different today and may
have led us to the real reforms the people of Kashmir genuinely sought.
<p> But these are the big If’s of ‘our’
folly and Faroukh Abdullah’s ‘manipulative’ hold over the reigns of power.
<p> The failure of the ‘azadi’ movement is much more stark in the 12 years of continuing violence, destruction
and robbing of every charm of Kashmir. The fact is, the vale of Kashmir is a deafening wail now, desperately
looking for the bottom of the abyss into which it has sunk, into which all its blood flow pours.
<p> In the Kashmir of
1989-90, all the dissenting voices against the violent movement were silenced by death or by forced silent
acquisition, so it had appeared that the entire population was with the revolt. Only now, when the local
militancy has almost dissipated and been replaced by a dangerous variety of pan-Islamic militancy, are more
and more Kashmiri people coming out to speak against the militants who started it all.
<p> A well-known senior journalist in Srinagar said to me. "Before 1989, were we ever prevented from offering
prayers in our mosques?" This is a sentiment almost echoed by a successful doctor in Srinagar, my classmate
at school, who I met again after 12 years, "Who did ever stop us from practicing our religion here?"
<p> A young
journalist friend who I met in Srinagar, sounding bitter in retrospect about those ‘euphoric days of revolt’
said to me, "The people who used to lead the ‘azadi’ processions, wearing shrouds in defiance of death,
are still alive today, while the people they led are long dead now."
<p> <font size="7">T</font>he Srinagar of today is a contrasting
picture of destroyed old landmarks and burnt out structures and of new constructions in the downtown and newly
sprung up suburbs. Comparing Srinagar and a city like Ahmedabad in terms of population density ratios, I was
surprised to know that there are more Marutis on Srinagar’s roads than in Ahmedabad.
<p> Looking through my
nostalgic eyes, I was certainly struck to note that Srinagar today is positively more affluent than it was in
the days when militancy started. How has this phenomenon come about in a land devastated by violent
instability?
<p> <i> "Those who only had a grass mat to cover their mud floors are today living in palatial houses." </i>
This is a common bitter refrain by the affluent class of old, when they speak about Kashmir’s neo-rich, who
started off as foot soldiers of the ‘militant’ movement.
<p> Of the many people I asked, "Why is militancy
still continuing, when people are so fed up?" I was told again and again, "it is the people with the
vested interests - the militants/politicians/surrendered militants/and neo-businessmen, 'the 5% of
people' - who do not want the uncertainty to end, so that they can thrive."
<p> <font size="7">
I</font> recall a modern Kashmiri story, which to my knowledge best describes the ‘the present mind’ of the
Kashmiri collective mass in these times. The story, <i>An Infernal Creature</i> by Amin Kamil, is about a village
that used to be, but is no more.
<p> The village, called Zeegyapathir, had six mohallas and five graveyards on the
borders between each mohalla. One day, the only son of an old woman, borne by her after several miscarriages,
dies. The dead son is buried after the performance of all the sacred Muslim rituals, but the old woman, unable
to bear the sudden loss of her only son, loses her mind. In the middle of the night at the graveyard of her
son, she espies some dark mysterious figure up to some mischief…
<p> The next day morning, her dead son’s grave is found dug up and the body is left without its shroud. The body
is promptly covered in a fresh shroud and re-buried. The next night, the same deed is repeated and some other
fresh graves are similarly found despoiled off their shroud. There is much hue and cry and commotion in the
village. Every suspect is questioned. Every villager is suspected, but the shroud stealer is never found.
<p> The
deed becomes a regular practice in the village. The villagers, at first curious and angry and perturbed, slowly
reconcile with the mystery of the shroud stealer. ‘In this way, when all the dead bodies of the Zeegyapathir, men and women alike without exception, got robbed of the shrouds, it by and by became a custom
with them. Nobody got agitated on this, nor did anybody show any kind of fear. They got used to speaking and
hearing of this for two decades.
<p>"We were at the graveyard. Has he robbed it? It looks like that. Let the hell take him.
<p> "These four sentences were at the tip of the tongue of everyone at Zeegyapathir. You would be greeted by these
words correct to a syllable for it had assumed the form of a ritual like giving the last bath to the dead, and
burying the body."
<p> Twenty years had passed so. One day a villager by the name of Ghani Mokul dies. In his last statement before
death he confesses to being that mysterious shroud stealer. He is roundly cursed, but the piety of
the villagers ultimately rescues him from any idea of an after death revenge.
<p> "The truth, however was that
the soft-hearted people of Zeegyapathir did not like to go so far."
<p> He is therefore properly buried. The
villagers as a matter of habit continued to curse him but also felt relieved at having been rid at long last
of a big calamity.
<p> However, the next day morning they find his grave not only despoiled of its shroud, but
also "left exposed to the elements at the edge of the grave." Which the first man – Ghani Mokul had
never infact dared to do ever to any dead body. Ghani Mokul is however, re-buried as had been the practice in
the village.
<p> And the morning after the next, they find him, and a few other fresh dead bodies too, again exposed at the
edge of the grave in stark nudity.
<p> "It now dawned on the people that it was not simply a case of wreaking
vengeance on Ghani Mokul – the original shroud stealer, but a new monster was on the rampage…Everybody at
Zeegyapathir got scared and said to one another, "We can not find another man like Ghani Mokul. He no doubt
divested the dead bodies of their shroud, but naked by no means did he leave them, this hellish creature is
far worse than a brute."
<p> Then onwards, the people showered blessings on the original shroud stealer and
cursed the new monster with all the abominations of the hell."
<p> The collective mind of the mass of Kashmir is today resigned to the death and destruction they see happening
around them in a similar way as the people of the fictional Zeegyapathir were resigned to the ritualistic
robbing of their graveyards. The people of Kashmir are not only hopelessly resigned but also totally powerless
before the Frankenstein’s, they themselves helped create and breed among them.
<p> <font size="7">I</font>n TV discussions over our satellite news and entertainment channels, the experts opine that, "what’s going on in Kashmir is a war
of attrition, which nobody seems like winning or losing." They say, "our sibling neighbour is ‘bleeding
India by a thousand cuts’, but on the ground, there are people of flesh and blood - fathers, mothers, sons,
daughters, brothers, sisters and friends, the people of Kashmir and the soldiers of India - actually being
killed and robbed of their human dignity.
<p> As you will be reading this - the rioting and the killings will be
continuing in Gujarat…at the same time, in some remote hill village of Kashmir, a family of Hindus or
Muslims will be yet again be massacred by a band of people fighting ‘jihad’ for the liberation of Muslim
majority kashmir…On an average about 10 -15 deaths are reported everyday. In the past 12 years of ‘militancy’
in Kashmir about 62,000 people have already died. In the past 12 years of ‘militancy’ in Kashmir about 62,000 people have already died. When is
this killing ever going to stop?
<p> <font size="7">W</font><i>hen is this killing ever going to stop</i>?" I asked of some in
Kashmir<br>
A friend said, "In Kashmir, the right to natural death does not exist."<br>
My driver said, "The only solution to Kashmir is an Atom Bomb."<br>
A young writer, who wants to work in Bombay films said, "Our ‘problem’ can only be settled by a war
between India and Pakistan now. Whosoever wins, gets Kashmir."<br>
A human rights activist (he used to be a Launching Commander of Hizbul Mujahideen in the young days of the revolt)
said, "The killings will never stop, there will be a civil war here, as in Afghanistan."<br>
The waiter in my hotel said, "The gun is a source of money and power to those who wield it, how will they
give it up easily."
<p> Over there in Kashmir, they call it ‘Gun Culture’. Over here in India, we prefer to cover our head in the
sand, and we say, "It is cross-border terrorism." – but, <i>when are the killings ever going to stop?</i>
<p> <font size="7">I</font>n Srinagar, the job of a journalist these days is writing ‘obituaries’:
<p> The independent press of India (the one that lay prostrate before the forces of Emergency when it was only
required to bend) championed the cause of the homegrown militants of Kashmir, because it felt the ‘revolt’
was an answer to the decay within Kashmir’s polity.
<p> True! Can’t be denied. But the 12 years of militancy
have not at all affected any change in the decay that was; the decay in fact has decayed further. The political
order remains the same. The ruling party is more hated now than it was before 1990, corruption has in fact
become a way of life and unemployment has increased many folds. The rich have become richer by addition to
their ranks of another class of the neo-rich.
<p> There are more beggar women on the streets of Srinagar when
there were none earlier. There is still no electricity. The villages are still without roads and safe drinking
water. The only thing that has shown any remarkably real progress in Kashmir is ‘the proliferation ‘ of
local newspapers advocating human rights. I counted about 10 English and about 20 Urdu newspapers but still
none in Kashmiri language.
<p> The Indian press has by now lost all interest in the happenings of Kashmir unless
there is something really horrendous to report, but what is the Independent Press in Kashmir championing now?
Developmental issues? Azadi?
<p> Almost 11 years to the day, when the Revolt erupted in Srinagar, there was a suicide bomber attack near the
main entrance to Badami Bagh Army cantonment of Srinagar. I was visiting an acquaintance, from my college days,
in his newspaper office. He was busy trying to get the details of the attack.
<p> First he called up his sources
in the Army and the Police for their official ‘Death Figure’. They said one Army person and five
‘locals’ including the suicide bomber had died. He than called his local journalist friends one after the
other, and about 10 of them - who must have similarly arrived at a consensual figure amongst ten others at
their own end – collectively arrived at a figure, decidedly and purposely much higher than the official
death toll.
<p> Their ostensible objective: to project – that the suicide mission was a ‘success’.
<p> A few
days later, at the airport, I met a Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO) of the Madras regiment from the Indian
Army. He was accompanying the coffin of a dead comrade to Chennai. It was the coffin of ‘The’ Jawan who
had stopped the suicide bomber at the Badami Bagh cantonment gate.
<p> The Subedar told me "only one soldier
died, the newspapers always exaggerate. The terrorists always attack us when we are having our lunch, change
of guard or when we are about to wake up in the morning."
<p> He did not know, I may one day write about it,
because I never thought I would. He also told me, "We burnt down the shopping complex opposite the gate. We
thought there were terrorists there, but there were not any actually."
<p> The next day, based on the pictures of the bombed site taken by a stringer, and after making a few phone
calls, my journalist friend wrote an ‘eye-witness’ report, which was published in some of the National
English language papers at Delhi.
<p> <font size="7">I</font>n Kashmir, along with the dead, they also bury the truth
everyday.
<p>
They bury the truth in tomes of newsprint, poetry and propaganda. They announce its death at Human Rights
Meets in Geneva and New York, where rival Human Rights activists, representing rival points of view, speak of
deaths as ‘points’-- for and against -- on a score sheet of victory and defeat.
<p> Javed Ahmed Mir, the leader
of the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front, the freedom fighter of Kashmir who pioneered the ‘selective
killings’ of ‘pro-Indians’ (mostly Kashmiri Pandits and National Conference workers – the leaders were
spared) said,
<blockquote>
<p> "We started the killings only to draw the attention of the Western Press to our cause. CNN
has come to visit us. BBC has come to visit us. Rabin Raphael also came and visited us here. Now we have
announced unilateral ceasefire. We want to have a political dialogue. We want peace, but the martyrdom of our
Freedom fighters cannot be forgotten. They call us terrorists, but they reward Nelson Mandela and Yasser
Arafat with Nobel Peace Prize."
</blockquote>
<p> The JKLF now limits itself to street fights and bandhs and to exhibiting the
photographs of their dead. I remember Javed Mir pointing out to me a particular photograph – of a few months
old dead child – and making me feel guilty as if it was my own daughter I had allowed to be killed.
<p> As I
write this, I hear on TV of a yet another suicide attack on an Army camp at Jammu. 12 children have been
killed, among them a 3 month old child. Javed Ahmed Mir is silent in Srinagar yet.
<p> They have mastered to speak eloquently about ‘their’ pain and ‘their sacrifices’ to seek
rewards in return. About the pain of others they speak with forked tongues, they say ‘it was a mistake’.
They condemn India of its ‘Human Rights Violations’ and they overlook the rapes and vengeance killings by
the freedom fighters within their own ranks. They speak of their own dead and forget to mourn the deaths they
themselves caused. Innocents all:
<p> Shakeela w/o Ali Mohammad Dar - abducted, gang raped and tortured to death. <br>
Mir Mustafa - A political leader, kidnapped, tortured and strangulated to death. <br>
Dolly Mohi-ud-Din -
kidnapped, tortured, gang raped and shot dead. <br>
Sarla Bhatt, Staff Nurse at SKIMS - kidnapped, raped and shot
dead. <br>
Prof.Mushir-ul-Haq - Kidnapped and shot dead. <br>
H.L. Khera - Kidnapped and shot dead. <br>
Sohan Lal Braro -
Shot dead. <br>
Archana Braro - gang raped, tortured and shot dead. <br>
Bimla Braro - gang raped and shot dead. <br>
Mohammad Amin Cheentagar - beheaded. <br>
Tika Lal Taploo, Political leader - shot dead. <br>
M. K. Ganjoo, retired
Judge - shot dead. <br>
Lassa Kaul, Station Director Doordarshan Srinagar - shot dead. <br>
Satish Bhan, social worker -
shot dead. <br>
Ghulam Nabi Kullar, Communist - shot dead. <br>
Abdul Sattar Ranjoor, poet - shot dead. <br>
Maulana Masoodi,
an intellectual &Freedom fighter - shot dead. <br>
Syed Ghulam Nabi, Government Official - shot dead. <br>
Moulvi
Farooq, a religious leader - shot dead. <br>
<p> The list is a long one, this is just of some who come to mind readily ... and there are many more who still continue to
die …not any of these died by police firing.
<blockquote>
<p>
<p>
…<font size="7">a</font>nd hundreds of pairs of shoes the mourners left behind, as they ran from the funeral, victims of the
firing. From windows we hear grieving mothers, and snow begins to fall on us, like ash. Black on edges of
flames, it cannot extinguish the neighborhoods, the homes set ablaze by midnight soldiers. Kashmir is
burning.
<p align="right"> Agha Shahid Ali
</blockquote>
<p><img src="images/kashmir_ajay1_021113.jpg" align="centre">
<p> Who killed Mir Mustafa?<br>
Who killed Dr. Gooru? <br>
Who killed Moulvi
Farouk? <br>
Who killed Qazi Nisar? <br>
Who killed Abdul Ghani Lone?<br>
Kashmir is burning still, who lit the fire? <br>
Who
burnt the Chrar-e-Sharif? <br>
Whose midnight soldiers?
<p> In the Month of February in 1990, Kashmiris used to go in
trucks and buses in processions to Chrar-e-Sharif shrine, to pray for ‘azadi’. They used to tie threads as
promise in return for fulfillment of their dreams. In 1995, they stood silent as ‘Foreign Militants’ -
representing a brand of Islam alien to the very ethos of Kashmir - lay siege to our prime shrine and let it be
burnt down by a Must Gul, who escaped to a hero’s welcome in Pakistan.
<blockquote>
<p>
<p>
…"All threads must be untied<br>
before springtime. Ask all – Muslim and Brahmin - if their wish came true? <br>
He appears beside me, cloaked in black: "Alas! Death has bent my back.<br>
It is too late for threads at Chrar-e-Sharif." …
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i>Agha Shahid Ali</i>
<p>
<p> The threads are there no more now.
Along with the Shrine, the hopes for that ‘azadi’ also lie in ruins. Today they go to the burnt down
shrine at Chrar and to their Sufi ‘Pirs’ not to pray for ‘azadi’ but for the return of sanity to
Kashmir.
<blockquote>
<p> "Rehman Sahib is one faith healer in whom thousands of locals, especially women, believe. He lives
in a mud house at Aalistang in the outskirts of Srinagar, where his sitting room is always full of mureeds
(devotees). One after another, they come close and whisper their problems in his ear. "Please pray and stop
my son. He wants to be a militant," a mother from nearby Waheedpora village in Ganderbal requested the peer
sahib (saint) one recent morning. Another woman sought help for an end to nocturnal raids by the security forces on
her house. "I have two grown-up unmarried daughters. It is dangerous. Please help," she begged, and
started crying."
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i> Muzamil Jaleel </i>
<p>
<p> But why does the fire that lit Chrar-e-Sharif consume us
still?
<p> Because they betrayed Nund Rishi by their silence and they allowed their temples to be desecrated and
they lied about their betrayal of our Gods to the entire world.
<blockquote>
<p>"Kashmir is burning: <br>
By that dazzling light <br>
we
see men removing statues from temples. <br>
We beg them, "Who will protect us if you leave?" <br>
They don’t
answer; they just disappear <br>
on the road to the plains, clutching the gods."
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i> Agha Shahid Ali </i>
<p> An obvious
reference to the Exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits from Kashmir, the above lines of a poem, by its implication
and compounded and by its extraordinary formal brilliance suggests that the Kashmiri Pandits left despite
being stopped by their neighbours and that they came away carrying their temple gods along with them.
<p> In
reality, nothing could be farther from the actual truth. In his poetic lament about the pain of Kashmir -
often searing imagery…his voice unerringly eloquent in response to Kashmir’s agony", as Edward Said
writes in his praise on the back cover - Agha Shahid Ali can barely remember the agony faced by his Pandit
friends in those euphoric days of near freedom, when it appeared as if the whole Muslim population of Srinagar
had come out on the streets shouting "allah-o-akbar’, ‘hum kya chahite - azadi’ and ‘death to Indian
dogs’.
<p> He can barely remember, ‘the call to all Muslims of Kashmir to revolt’ which was announced -
from pre-recorded audiocassettes - through the loudspeakers of mosques all over Srinagar city. He can barely
bring himself to imagine the panic of a miniscule community, faced with the impotence of an administration in
Kashmir that had suddenly vanished…He can barely remember, that this miniscule community was looking in the
face of a yet another forced migration, the fourth in the span of a few hundred years…
<p> <i>Your memory gets in
the way of my memory</i>…Shahid
<blockquote>
<p> Twelve years later, when I came to Kashmir, I chanced upon a temple at Rainawari. <br>
I opened the door, but Shahid, there was no god inside, it’s true. <br>
It was all filth and ashes there, walls
smeared with human refuse of many years: <br>
How could you not have seen them, stopped them - the kalashnikov people - <br>
from stealing my gods and burning your temples?
</blockquote>
<p> I asked a Kashmiri Pandit friend, who is now settled
in a far way land, to explain to me why Kashmiri Pandits chose to come away rather than stay back and fight.
He wrote back to me, a long letter:
<p> "You have seen the sober faces of the population there (12 years after)
but what I have experienced cannot be put into words. It was a feeling of uncertainty and isolation with
doubts about the sincerity of your closest associates. It was almost being enslaved with the tyrannical smile
of the victor haunting you.
<p>"It was the time to decide whether you would be able to accept the NIZAM-E-MUSTAFA
(rule of the faithful), either willingly or after seeing your family dishonoured and massacred. Do remember
that it was a well thought of plan to drive all kafirs away.
<p>"The area commander of any area never was native
of the same area and thus would not relate to you. His only aim was subjugation in the name of Allah. Killing
in his name was justified as was revealed by Javed Mir in your documentary. Previously (Before 1990), our
differences could be settled by a word for word or at the most a fistfight. Now it was the kalishnikov.
<p>"Fathers would not dare to discuss the futility or viability of the actions. Brothers would not trust Brothers
lest they would be killed. THE FEAR WAS TOTAL. The sane had no say and the insane were driven into frenzy by
their masters. Chaos was total and administration had collapsed completely.
<p>"It is too simplistic when I put it
into words but just close your eyes and imagine the plight. There can be no proper description of the events
in words. Finally it was our worldly wisdom, which made all of us to flee the place. When I migrated, I had to
fend for family and myself. The options were either to organize a resistance OR to start afresh. I chose the
latter." …
<blockquote>
<p>
<p><font size="7">I</font>f only somehow you could have been mine, <br>
what wouldn’t have happened in this world? <br>
I’m
everything you lost. You won’t forgive me. <br>
My memory keeps getting in the way of your history. <br>
There is
nothing to forgive. You won’t forgive me….
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i> Agha Shahid Ali </i>
<p>
<p> But there is a lot to forgive and ask forgiveness for. The first thing that has to be answered about
Kashmir is about Kashmiri Pandits forced abandonment of their motherland.
<p>Who orchestrated their deaths, their
feeling of persecution, and their fear? <br>
Who sent them the anonymous letters asking them to leave forthwith? <br>
Who sponsored those ads, those notices in leading local Dailies of Kashmir, threatening the Pandits of dire
consequences, if they did not leave?
<p> It surely was not because Jagmohan, the then administrative head of
J&K, facilitated the exodus, as Indian Human Rights people would like us to believe. To Kashmiri pandits,
Jagmohan in his person represents the abject failure of the ‘state’ in not protecting, nor ensuring the
safety of its ‘non-violent’ citizens, who remained true in their loyalty to India.
<p> <font size="7">I</font>t's true, and I am ashamed to admit, as most Pandits now are, that when they
came as refugees to Jammu and Delhi, they went straight into the arms of "the Hindu Parties". But tell me,
what are a ‘traumatised’ people supposed to do, but hope for refuge in the camp of a party ‘supposedly
their own’, when threatened by ‘Islamic forces’ and when betrayed by the secular forces of India? Which
secular institution of India has spoken up for the trauma of Kashmiri Pandits yet? The irony here is that even the
human rights activists who have so tirelessly tabulated all the atrocities inflicted upon a hapless minority
in Gujarat still continue to silently acquiesce in the forced exodus of Kashmiri Pandits quoting Governor
Jagmohan as an alibi.
<p> And after forgiveness, There is a dispute to settle.
<p> The fact of the matter is, between Us and Them, Between India and Kashmir, between India and Pakistan there
are many disputes to settle. Central to the resolution of all these disputes, is the dispute between India and
Pakistan over Kashmir. The genesis of these disputes has forever been prone to myriad interpretations and
conflicting points of view - of the experts as well as the layperson - which no amount of logic, good sense
and wars seem to unravel or resolve.
<p> In the words of a Pakistani writer:
<blockquote>
<p> "When India's Home Minister Sardar Vallabhai Patel sent feelers about a possible give-and-take on Hyderabad
and Kashmir, Ghulam Mohammed is said to have spurned this opportunity and carried on his lucrative dealings
with Hyderabad Nizam. Pakistan also welcomed the accession of Junagadh and Manavadar, whereas an overwhelming
majority in both states (as well as Hyderabad) was Hindu.
<p> "In effect, Pakistan held three divergent positions
on the question of accession—in favour of the Hyderabad Nizam's right to independence, Junagadh's right to
accede to Pakistan against the wish of the populace, and, in Kashmir, for the right to self determination.
Double standard is a common enough practice in politics, but it invariably harms the actor who lacks the power
to avert consequences.
<p> "The Nawab of Junagadh tried to deliver his Hindu-majority state to Pakistan, which set
the precedence for the Maharaja of Muslim-dominated Kashmir choosing India. Pakistan did not have the power to
defend either the Nawab or the Nizam, nor the will to punish the Maharaja. So India, practising double
standards in its turn, took it all.
<p align="right"> Eqbal Ahmad<br>
</blockquote>
<p>
That may well be the truth about J&K’s accession to India, to many Kashmiris, Pakistanis and even to
some Indians, but there are also other truths. The truth about Sheikh Abdullah’s genuine liking for
Indian secularism. The truth about his preferring to stay with India rather than with Pakistan. The truth
about his not insisting on ‘azadi’ before or after 1953. The truth about Sheikh Abdullah being a genuine
and great leader of Kashmiris. The truth about Faroukh Abdullah being an inept inheritor of Sheikh
Abdullah’s legacy.
<p>The problem with truths is that it has not brought us, at any point of time, any closer to a
resolution than it ever can, even 50 or 100 years from now.
<p><font size="7">T</font>here is one another story by Amin Kamil, which expresses the nature of this dispute much plainly than any
amount of explanation or writings have so far.
<p> The story <i>What Matters Is The Head</i> describes a dispute between
two thanedaars of adjacent police stations over a murdered corpse found lying at the boundary of their
respective area jurisdiction. Before the culprit can be found or the murdered person identified, it is
necessary to determine in which thanedaar's jurisdiction the murdered person was found.
<p> The case is confounded
by the fact that it is difficult to determine in which side of the boundary the head of the deceased lay, because
the thanedaars have conflicting proofs. The respective thanedaars, in order to prove their claim about the
jurisdictional right over the corpse, wrangle in colourful language over the finer details, the technicalities
and the forensic procedure, thus in fact relegating the dead corpse and its case to oblivion.
<p> Finally, the
bewildered bystander watching the entire drama is exasperated by this jurisdictional drama to ask for a final
resolution. He is told, "What matters really is for us to find towards which side the head of the corpse
lay. So long as this is not resolved, the matter will linger on as it is."
<p>"But what about the corpse, meanwhile?"<br>
"Let it rot." (<i>Sadne do ji)</i><br>
<blockquote>
<p>
"India's policies have been no less riddled with blunders than Pakistan's. Its moral isolation on Kashmir is
nearly total, and unlikely to be overcome by military means or political manipulation. New Delhi commands not
a shred of legitimacy among Kashmiri Muslims. Ironically, even as India's standing in Kashmir appears
increasingly untenable, Kashmiris today appear farther from the goal of liberation than they were in the years
1989 to 1992."
</blockquote>
<p align="right"><i>Eqbal Ahmad</i><br>
<p>
It is true; Kashmir’s problems are as a result of our country’s folly and blunders. Our follies and
blunders in Kashmir are compounded by the fact of Partition and by the existence of a dispute, as our
permanent neighbour enemy continues to insist. Kashmir has been used to bleed purportedly for a cause in which not many
Kashmiris believe.
<p> The resolution of the historical dispute between India and Pakistan – through logic,
diplomacy, wars, and terrorism or by time - has defied a sane answer for the last 55 years. Nor does it seem any
likely that India and Pakistan can co-exist in peace by any stratagem invented or discovered so far.
<p>
Meanwhile, the deaths and the killings of the innocents in Kashmir continues. We are as close to a war as at
any time before. Kashmir is caught in the crossfire of History. Kashmir was happy and prosperous
once, when it had chosen not to be in the crossfire.
<p>It’s more than a year since my last visit to Kashmir. The tumultuous events of the past year – September 11,
December 13 Parliament Attack, The Fall of the Taliban in Afgahnistan, President of Pakistan’s famous
January 12 speech denouncing Terrorism and Islamic Fundamentalism, and the most recent catastrophe of ‘state
sponsored pogrom’ in Gujarat and the terrorist attack on children and women at a Army camp in Jammu, have
completely altered my fundamental understanding of the nature of man and along with it, the perception about
man’s sense of his morals…which allow him to justify one violent cause at one place as ‘just’ and to
condemn another equally violent cause as ‘unacceptable’ to civilization.
<p> I have never felt so powerless
before the ‘insane’ insistence by men - of presumably immeasurable human values and inestimable
intellectual capabilities - of their personal dogmas and points of view and the catastrophic consequences
thereof. I therefore repudiate every ideology that leads to violence.
<p>And I want to ask my people in Kashmir: Isn’t it time that Kashmiri people resolved, once for and all, to
give up the option of violence as a means to finding the solution to a historically vexed problem?
<p>...
<p>
<i>
The above is an account of my first journey to Kashmir in 12 years since I was there last. I still have a home
there and I am looking forward to my permanent return as soon as I can determine for myself that my life and
freedom will not be at any more risk there as it is here. </i>
<hr>
<p>
Ajay Raina is a film maker. His film about homecoming - "<i>Tell them, the tree they had planted has now
grown</i>" - won the Golden Conch award at Mumbai Festival 2002 and the RAPA award.
        
        
        
        
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