From aiindex at mnet.fr Wed Jul 2 05:02:54 2003 From: aiindex at mnet.fr (Harsh Kapoor) Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 00:32:54 +0100 Subject: [Reader-list] India: Gujarat Massacre Cases Sabotaged Message-ID: India: Gujarat Massacre Cases Sabotaged (New York, July 1, 2003) - The ringleaders of massacres committed in 2002 are still roaming free in Gujarat, Human Rights Watch charged in a new report released today. The 70-page report, Compounding Injustice: The Government's Failure to Redress Massacres in Gujarat, examines the record of state authorities in holding perpetrators accountable and providing humanitarian relief to victims of state-supported massacres of Muslims in February and March 2002. Human Rights Watch urged the federal government to take over cases of large-scale massacres where the state government has sabotaged investigations. On June 27, a Gujarat state court acquitted twenty-one people accused of burning alive twelve Muslims in a bakery in Vadodara. Thirty-five of the seventy-three witnesses reportedly retracted in court the statements they had given to the police identifying the attackers. "The government's record on the massacres is appalling," said Smita Narula, senior researcher for Human Rights Watch and author of the report. "Sixteen months after the beginning of the violence, not a single person has been convicted." More than one hundred Muslims have been charged under India's much- criticized Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) for their alleged involvement in the train massacre in Godhra. No Hindus have been charged under POTA in connection with the violence against Muslims, which the government continues to dismiss as spontaneous and unorganized. Although the Indian government initially boasted of thousands of arrests following the attacks, most of those arrested have since been acquitted, released on bail with no further action taken, or simply let go. Police regularly downgrade serious charges to lesser crimes - from murder or rape to rioting, for example - and alter victims' statements to delete the names of the accused. Even when cases reach trial, Muslim victims face biased prosecutors and judges. Hindu and Muslim lawyers representing Muslim victims, and doctors providing medical relief to them, have also faced harassment and threats. Hundreds of women and girls were brutally raped, mutilated, and burnt to death in Gujarat. The police have refused to pursue these cases. In numerous instances, and in an effort to cover up their own participation in the violence, the police have instituted false cases against men and women injured in police shootings. Living conditions for more than 100,000 people displaced by the violence continue to be grossly inadequate. For months they resided in makeshift relief camps with little support from the state. By the end of October 2002, the government had closed most of the camps, forcing some families back into neighborhoods where their attackers still live and where their security is continuously threatened. Most people interviewed by Human Rights Watch received negligible amounts to compensate for the destruction of their homes, ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand rupees, or less than one hundred dollars. Hindus in Gujarat have suffered as well, Human Rights Watch said. Thousands of small businesses owned by Hindus closed down during the violence. The relatives of the Hindus killed in Godhra have been denied redress and some face economic destitution. The Human Rights Watch report also documents and strongly condemns the September 2002 massacre of Hindus at Akshardham in Gandhinagar, Gujarat's capital. Hindu nationalist groups continue to arm civilians in Gujarat and many other Indian states. Instead of cracking down on these groups, the Gujarat state Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government has included the distribution of arms as part of its election manifesto. In December 2002, the BJP won by a landslide in Gujarat state elections. Using posters and videotapes of the Godhra massacre, and rhetoric that depicted Muslims as terrorists intent on destroying the Hindu community, the party gained the most seats in areas affected by the communal violence. In states that go to the polls later this year, such as Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, potentially explosive campaigns are already in full swing. Members of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (World Hindu Council, VHP) are distributing weapons similar to those used in Gujarat, as well as literature depicting Muslims as sexual deviants and terrorists. Members of both communities live in fear that a simple altercation could become the pretext for large-scale violence. The Human Rights Watch report also examines the recruitment of Dalits (so-called untouchables) and tribals (indigenous peoples) in the violence against Muslims in Gujarat, and the subsequent scapegoating of these communities in police arrests. Since the events of last year, Christians in the state have also come under renewed administrative, legislative, and physical attack. The Human Rights Watch report includes forty detailed recommendations to Indian authorities and the international community. Human Rights Watch called on the Indian government to act immediately to prevent further attacks, end impunity, and deliver meaningful assistance to those displaced and dispossessed by the violence. For Human Rights Watch's original report on the 2002 massacres of Muslims and Hindus in Gujarat, "We Have No Orders to Save You," please see http://hrw.org/reports/2002/india/. The new report is available at: http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003//india0703/. To read more on human rights issues in India, please see: http://www.hrw.org/asia/india.php For more information, please contact: In New York, Smita Narula: (English, Hindi/Urdu, French): + 1 917 209 6902 (c), +1 212 216 1253 (w) In New York, Joe Saunders: +1 212 216 1216 In London, Urmi Shah: +44 207 713 2788 From aiindex at mnet.fr Wed Jul 2 05:03:34 2003 From: aiindex at mnet.fr (Harsh Kapoor) Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 00:33:34 +0100 Subject: [Reader-list] India and Pakistan - The dance of the courtesans Message-ID: Dawn (Pakistan) June 27, 2003 The dance of the courtesans By Ayaz Amir For all their differences and minor jealousies it's heart-warming to see the two great self-respecting republics of India and Pakistan agreed at least on one particular: their furious desire to worm themselves into the good graces of the United States. Balancing the scales between a willing Pakistan--let no one accuse us of ever being unwilling--and a cantankerous India, that is when India rode the high horse of moral rearmament, was tricky enough. How much trickier when both parties are almost wrestling the US to the ground in order to plant their favour upon it. Spare a thought for the embarrassment of riches on America's hands. When the Twin Towers of New York, hit by the fury of Al Qaeda (or so the world has been told to believe), came tumbling to the ground, both India and Pakistan tried to beat each other to the draw to win American favour. Without bothering about terms and conditions, Pakistan quickly said yes when Colin Powell called (in these parts saying yes and not haggling over details being called old-world chivalry). India too was quick off the mark and even before anyone had raised the subject was offering all kinds of assistance, including the use of military bases, to the US. Geography dictated America's choice. As the US got ready to make Afghanistan safe for democracy--by first razing everything to the ground, the same process that we are seeing at work in Iraq--contiguity to Afghanistan is what it wanted, something which in the best measure only Pakistan could provide. India's chagrin at its advances being ignored (not rejected) should not be hard to imagine. Hell hath no fury--you get the picture. The US is facing a much trickier situation in Iraq, the occupation and policing of Iraq proving far more difficult than anyone around Secretary Rumsfeld's war table had envisioned. So difficult in fact that the number one problem before the US right now is not to undermine the ayatollahs, contain North Korea's nuclear programme or discover weapons of mass destruction. All these can wait. The most urgent problem is recruiting soldiers for hire, mercenaries who can do its dirty work in Iraq. Thus freeing the US military from a task beginning to tax its fortitude and resolve. Colin Powell has gone to the extent of asking Bangladesh for hired soldiery, the US capable of any stooping in a jam. While the BD reaction is not known, the two great republics of India and Pakistan have left few doubts about where they stand. It is not just that they are willing; they seem desperate to be taken on board. Pakistan's soldier-president being under no obligation to consult anyone--this being the beauty of one-man rule--has said in no uncertain terms that Pakistan was ready to send troops, for which read mercenaries, to Iraq. His only condition is the UN flag or the auspices of the OIC or the Gulf Cooperation Council. In other words, he is not objecting to the thing in principle. The willingness part is thus settled. He just wants the proper fig leaf. India's position is not much different. Through winks and nods the BJP government has signified its readiness to perform guard duty in Iraq. In this it has the support of big business which thinks that with troops in Iraq, India's chances of winning fat 'reconstruction' contracts would improve. But there is stiff domestic opposition to the idea of pandering to American wishes. Since the Indian government lacks the advantage of Pakistan's soldier-president who has to consult only his own wishes, a decision on this issue appears to be stalled. However, when it comes to bartering individual or national honour, the key thing is the initial willingness. Once that is secured, only the details remain to be sorted out. In other words, once you say yes, the rest is negotiable. This summer then there should be no spectacle more fascinating than our two republics looking silly on the question of Iraq. Here's the whole world saying the Americans have got themselves into a quagmire and a mess. And here India and Pakistan, fretting to beat each other at the game, and ignoring every aspect of honour or long-term interest, are itching to fling themselves into the same mud. Courting universal ignominy for a stash of dollars: more than being impressed, even our American friends are likely to be bemused. Far from smarting at Indian competition, Pakistan should feel happy it has someone to give it company. All the more so when who should be giving it company but high-minded India. Trafficking in the same goods, vying for the same favours, walking up and down the same promenade. Welcome to the club. Meanwhile of course, the Camp David spectacle is behind us. Ah, what to make of it. Our talent for selling ourselves cheap is by now so well established that it's no use crying. Three billion dollars over five years--which comes to about $600 million a year, divided equally between military and economic lollipops. This is such a damp squib, such an anti-climax to the pre-Camp David hype and hoopla, that even Pakistani officialdom has been reduced to incoherent muttering if not embarrassed silence. Central Command itself--that is, where the gods reside-- has revealed (in a report carried briefly on its website but then quickly withdrawn when it was threatening to turn into a scandal) that the economic loss to Pakistan for carrying America's bags in Afghanistan came to roughly $10 billion. Far from getting anywhere near that figure, Pakistan's soldier-president has been rewarded with another bag of peanuts. But he got the visit to Camp David, didn't he? Lunch and a bit of a chat at the US president's private mountain retreat. Wow, what an honour. And then to be extolled by the US president for "brave leadership". The story line never varies. Pakistani leaders, right from the Republic's infancy, have always fallen for morsels of comfort from the US, small certificates of approval which very briefly puff up their insecure egos. Two years ago, remember, when America was still bombing Afghanistan, General Musharraf was almost lionized when he visited New York. Soon thereafter when the Taliban melted away and the pounding of Afghanistan stopped, much of that enthusiasm evaporated. A brief moment in the sun soon gone. Not that Musharraf's usefulness is over. By God, what sentry duty, what yeoman service, the Pakistani military is performing along the Afghan border. The American military command has only to murmur something and a loud clicking of heels can be heard all across the mountains. But aren't we getting paid for our pains and our smart snapping to attention? We are but, in truth, not much. Our load is heavy, our recompense small. Actually, for no real fault of the Americans because right at the beginning Pakistan's military rulers surrendered whatever leverage they could have exercised. Leverage comes from a gift deferred or a gift left hanging in anticipation. It is the prospect of what you can give that defines your worth and sets a price on your expected cooperation. But when the gift - in this case, Pakistani assistance - is delivered without any questions asked, precious little leverage remains. But perhaps the whole point of such excursions as the visit to Camp David has more to do with form than substance--with symbolism rather than tangible benefits. Many Third World leaders feel themselves blessed when they get a pat from an American president, feeling their standing at home enhanced. It never works like this and when storm waters rise no amount of American backslapping is enough by itself to rescue a leader in trouble. But Pakistani leaders, prey to infantile notions, have always felt otherwise and if Musharraf is proving to be no exception, if he feels washed and revivified by his helicopter flight to Camp David, who's to blame him? From dfontaine at fondation-langlois.org Tue Jul 1 01:20:57 2003 From: dfontaine at fondation-langlois.org (Dominique Fontaine) Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2003 15:50:57 -0400 Subject: [Reader-list] Recent news from the Daniel Langlois Foundation - JULY 2003** Message-ID: Pour la version française : http://www.fondation-langlois.org/f/nouvelles/index.html [ Apologies for cross-posting / veuillez excuser les envois multiples ] **************************************************************************** *** **RECENT NEWS - JULY 2003** -Grant Program for Researchers in Residence -Digitization and online launch of RADICAL SOFTWARE -New projects supported by the Daniel Langlois Foundation -Please note that the Research Grant Program for Individual Artists or Scientists is currently being revised -Other projects supported by the Foundation -New acquisitions at the CR+D and this month's selection **************************************************************************** *** GRANT PROGRAM FOR RESEARCHERS IN RESIDENCE: AUGUST 2003 DEADLINE As part of its international competition open to historians, conservators, critics, independent scholars, artists and scientists, the Daniel Langlois Foundation is offering the chance for two researchers to work at the Centre for Research and Documentation (CR+D) in Montreal, specifically in its documentary and archival collections. Research projects must be directly related to one of the Foundation's archival collections. A description of the collections is available at: http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/CRD/index.html Guidelines for the Grant Program for Researchers in Residence: http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/programmes/bourses.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RADICAL SOFTWARE In order to shed light on the history of artistic practices using electronic and digital technologies, the Foundation, in partnership with project leader Mr. Davidson Gigliotti, has digitized and processed the entire contents of the legendary independent magazine RADICAL SOFTWARE. Notably, the Foundation indexed the magazine and created search tools to facilitate access to the publication's extraordinarily rich material. RADICAL SOFTWARE, published by the Raindance Corporation, produced eleven issues between 1970 and 1974. During that short span, the magazine was witness to the birth of the video movement and to the emergence of intellectual currents underpinning the intersection of video, cybernetics, computing, social activism, counterculture and art. Our online version of RADICAL SOFTWARE includes a historical overview by Davidson Gigliotti and an introduction by David A. Ross. The RADICAL SOFTWARE Web site: http://www.radicalsoftware.org ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NEW PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY THE DANIEL LANGLOIS FOUNDATION The Foundation is pleased to announce the 16 recipients of grants for 2003 under the Research Grant Program for Individual Artists or Scientists. The list of projects supported in 2003 can be found at: http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/nouvelles/ind_2003.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Please note that the RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM FOR INDIVIDUAL ARTISTS OR SCIENTISTS is currently being revised. Although the deadline for submitting proposals remains January 31, 2004, we suggest that you return to our site after the beginning of December 2003 to consult the new program guidelines. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY THE FOUNDATION Among the projects supported in previous years that are now producing results, the Foundation is pleased to highlight the following three: - GHANA'S HIGHLIFE MUSIC: A DIGITAL REPERTOIRE OF RECORDINGS AND POP ART Ghana's Gramophone Records Museum and Research Centre opened in 1994. Its mission is to provide ready access to the audio and visual documents in its collection. http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/projets/1272-3-2002/index.html - LES USAGES DES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION (NTIC) DANS LE DOMAINE DES ETUDES INTERMEDIATIQUES After two years of collaborative work, *Les usages des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) dans le domaine des études intermédiatiques* [The uses of new information and communication technologies in intermedia studies] is now online. This research project was led by the Collectif étudiant du Centre de recherche sur l'intermédialité (CECRI) at the University of Montreal. http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/projets/759-2-2001/index.html - KER THIOSSANE, DAKAR In 2001, the Daniel Langlois Foundation awarded a grant in the The Program for Organizations from Emerging Regions to the Ker Thiossane project. Located close to downtown Dakar in a neighbourhood called Sicap Liberté II, this new space is intended to be a place of initiation and discovery of new media, with the aim of incorporating them into other forms of artistic creation (music, dance, theatre, visual arts). http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/projets/849-3-2001/index.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NEW CR+D ACQUISITIONS AND SELECTION OF THE MONTH As we do every month, we are publishing a bibliography of the latest acquisitions available at the Foundation's Centre for Research and Documentation. To view the list: http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/CRD/acquisitions/index.html Our selection of the month is TELEMATIC EMBRACE: VISIONARY THEORIES OF ART, TECHNOLOGY, AND CONSCIOUSNESS by Roy Ascott. More information can be found here: http://www.fondation-langlois.org/e/CRD/acquisitions/selection.html **************************************************************************** *** About the Daniel Langlois Foundation for Art, Science, and Technology http://www.fondation-langlois.org/ The Daniel Langlois Foundation's purpose is to further artistic and scientific knowledge by fostering the meeting of art and science in the field of technologies. The Foundation seeks to nurture a critical awareness of technology's implications for human beings and their natural and cultural environments, and to promote the exploration of aesthetics suited to evolving human environments. The Centre for Research and Documentation (CR+D) seeks to document history, artworks and practices associated with electronic and digital media arts and to make this information available to researchers in an innovative manner through data communications. **************************************************************************** *** -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/test1/attachments/20030630/5db699ab/attachment.html From bswofford at snet.net Wed Jul 2 17:38:20 2003 From: bswofford at snet.net (William Swofford) Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 08:08:20 -0400 Subject: [Reader-list] SATURNALIA ONLINE: July 5th & 6th, 2003 Message-ID: SATURNALIA JUBILEE III MUSIC FESTIVAL JULY 5th and 6th 2003 Featuring Henry Grimes, Pauline Oliveros, Daniel Carter, Daniel Abd-al Hayy Moore, Samir Chatterjee and many others ATTN those in cyberspace!!! LIVE INTERNET RADIO BROADCAST (of entire festival, 1pm-9pm EST each day) availible at www.BirdlandNorthMadison.com if you can't join us in CT, please log on to our simulcast both 56k and high baud audio in Windows Media Format streaming format including stage webcam! DON'T MISS THIS ONE~!~~~!~~~!!!~~ ---------------------------------------- ***celebrating the spirit of freedom*** with 2 days of music performance FREE ADMISSION experimental electronic improvisation futurejazz funk space rock sacred sound --------------------------------------------------- SATURNALIA JUBILEE III MUSIC FESTIVAL JULY 5th and 6th 2003 birdland north madison connecticut 546 summer hill rd madison ct 06443 contact WILL SWOFFORD bswofford at snet.net (our history & archive) --> www.ghaymaneinblitz.org --------------------------------------------------- SATURDAY JULY 5 1pm ORCHESTRA DE FOU conquerers of time/space Al Margolis Geoff Meyer Chris Burchell 2 pm INCIDENTAL BLISS http://www.incidentalbliss.com/ 3pm ANDREW JONES & cats 4pm OROBORUS afrodub rockers Dave Freeburg Jason Villani Clark Kasheta 5pm EXIT TERRA subambient space rock http://www.exploresound.com/ 6pm Kesh jazz punk DANIEL CARTER JETON ADEMAJ KEVIN SHEA WILL SWOFFORD 7pm CUL DE SAC psyche-rock legends! http://www.aural-innovations.com/issues/issue20/culdesac 8-10 PM MUTANT BREEDS & COLLABORATIONS OPEN MIC --------------------------------------------------- SUNDAY JULY 6 12pm sacred sound program RICHARD RUDIS GONG BATH http://www.buddhistartifacts.com/sacred_sound_workshops.cfm 1pm poet Abd-al Hayy Moore 2 pm electro set DOUG VAN NORT vs. MBUOTYE mmathcore electronoise AVERY BROOKS CARLOS ESTEVAN 3PM GHAYMAN EINBLITZ JEB DENNIS pianist 4PM POET Steve Dalachinsky 5 PM KALI Z FASTEAU SABIR MATEEN *HENRY GRIMES* WARREN SMITH free jazz www.henrygrimes.com 6:30 PM playwright & composer IONE + *PAULINE OLIVEROS* http://www.deeplistening.org/pauline/ 8PM an evening of indian classical music w/ MITALI BANERJEE (voice) Pt. SAMIR CHATTERJEE (tabla) http://www.tabla.org/ ----------------------------------------------------- ALL ARE WELCOME FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT WILL SWOFFORD BIRDLAND NORTH MADISON 203-421-9399 www.birdlandnorthmadison.com BSWOFFORD at SNET.NET From aiindex at mnet.fr Thu Jul 3 03:48:32 2003 From: aiindex at mnet.fr (Harsh Kapoor) Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 23:18:32 +0100 Subject: [Reader-list] Gujarat: On line Letter to NHRC re Best Bakery case Message-ID: Please sign on and send your own letters/e-mails to the chair of the National Human Rights Commission. In the last 10 hours of so it seems the NHRC has swung into action but we should keep the pressure on. Trial of the murderers of Gujarat. Letter to NHRC re. the Best Bakey Case http://www.PetitionOnline.com/NHRCbbc/petition.html Harsh ------ [ Full text of the letter below:] To: The National Human Rights Commission of India [Please join us in sharing concern about a free investigation into the Gujarat pogrom followed by a fair trial of the accused. Append your name to the below letter. On the 21th of July 2003 we will send this the National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC). We would encourage all to also write and send similar letters which can be E-mailed / Faxed and snail mailed to the chair of the NHRC. [E-mail: chairnhrc at nic.in / Fax: (91) + 11-23340016.] We also invite you to use the telephone [ 91-11-23340891] and speak to the officials of NHRC to press them to move on the Gujarat Bakery Case.] ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 July 2003 The Chairperson National Human Rights Commission Sardar Patel Bhavan Sansad Marg New Delhi - 110001 Dear Sir or Madam, Your Commission recorded the evidence of several persons in connection with the violence in Gujarat in 2002. One of these was Sheikh Zahira Habibullah of Vadodara, later to become the chief witness in the trial of the Best Bakery case. This witness turned hostile and denied the testimony which she had given to your Commission and to several others and which was widely reported. Like her, many other witnesses in the case turned hostile. In the judgment pronounced in the Best Bakery case last week, all the accused were held to be not guilty for want of evidence. Many reports in the media have clearly said that the prosecution and investigation in this case did not do their duty on account of sectarian considerations. It is also widely believed that pressure in some form was the reason for the surprising number of prosecution witnesses' turning hostile. Possibly anticipating just such an eventuality, your Commission had recommended that several cases, including the Best Bakery case, be handed over to the Central Bureau of Investigation. The Government of Gujarat did not act on this recommendation. We urge you to take such action as you see fit to right the wrong which apparently has been done. The matter is clearly one of human rights and therefore within your jurisdiction: because the violence in Gujarat in 2002 was directed against the entire Muslim community and because that community continues to be the victim of organised and sustained discrimination and may legitimately fear that its human rights will be infringed in and through sham trials in the many cases which remain to be tried. Yours truly, Mukul Dube (New Delhi) and Harsh Kapoor (France) Sincerely, From sunil at mahiti.org Thu Jul 3 11:43:51 2003 From: sunil at mahiti.org (Sunil Abraham) Date: 03 Jul 2003 11:43:51 +0530 Subject: [Reader-list] Weapons of mass destruction Message-ID: <1057212831.23774.23.camel@sunil> Go to google.com Type "weapons of mass destruction" and hit the "I am feeling lucky" button. Now, READ THE ERROR MESSAGES VERY CAREFULLY. ;-) -- Sunil Abraham, sunil at mahiti.org http://www.mahiti.org MAHITI Infotech Pvt. Ltd.'Reducing the cost and complexity of ICTs' 314/1, 7th Cross, Domlur Bangalore - 560 071 Karnataka, INDIA Ph/Fax: +91 80 4150580. Mobile: 98455 12611 "If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have one idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas" George B. Shaw Shaw From zarinehabeeb at yahoo.com Fri Jul 4 12:04:04 2003 From: zarinehabeeb at yahoo.com (zarine habeeb) Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2003 23:34:04 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Reader-list] delhi-just a cluster of villages? Message-ID: <20030704063404.21725.qmail@web12906.mail.yahoo.com> Hi everyone, I am new to this list and thought it was only proper that I introduce myself. I am Zarine Habeeb, who is presently in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United states but will be moving to Budapest, Hungary soon. I lived in Delhi for some time and was very intrigued by how neatly divided the city was. Is there a comparison between the posh South extension and the Kidwai Nagar? My little "theory" was that Delhi is not a city but a cluster of several villages. Of course, each village needed the other. So, you would go to chandni chowk from south delhi for jewellery and those yummy parathas but otherwise, chandini chowk is dubbed as dirty and polluted and riksha wallah "infested".I would love to hear what others have to say about this. peace, zarine --------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? SBC Yahoo! DSL - Now only $29.95 per month! -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/test1/attachments/20030703/9d10eee0/attachment.html From sagnik_chakravartty at yahoo.com Wed Jul 2 20:43:40 2003 From: sagnik_chakravartty at yahoo.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Sagnik=20Chakravartty?=) Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2003 16:13:40 +0100 (BST) Subject: [Reader-list] [Announcements] Appointment of Lecturers in Assam University, Silchar (A Central University)-Employment Notification Message-ID: <20030702151340.15022.qmail@web20303.mail.yahoo.com> Employment Notification No.102/1/2003-Pers/3 date: 18.6.2003 In supersession of the Employment Notifications No.102/1/2000 dt. 21.2.2001 and No.102/1/2000-Pers dt. 23.3.2002, Assam University, Silchar invites applications in the prescribed form for filling up various faculty, administrative and technical positions as mentioned below:- Faculty Positions 1. (a) Professor: 10 posts : One each in Economics, Arabic, Sanskrit, Manipuri, Mathematics, Physics, Mass Communication, Hindi, Social Work & Computer Science. 1. (b) Professor(Leave vacancy): 3 posts : One each in Life Science, Business Administration & Education. 2. (a) Reader : 4 posts : One each in Fine Arts, Social Work, Life Science and Philosophy. 2. (b) Reader(Leave vacancy): 7 posts: One each in Fine Arts, Mass Communication, Education, Economics, English, Business Administration and Philosophy. 3. (a) Lecturer : 35 posts : Four posts in English(one reserved for ST); three each in Physics, Chemistry, Arabic, Mathematics & Commerce; two each in Computer Science, History, Economics, Bengali, Political Science, Business Administration; and one each in Mass Communication, Sociology, Social Work and Manipuri. 3. (b) Lecturer(Leave vacancy): 6 posts : One each in Social Work, Education, Computer Science, English, Bengali and Political Science. N.B.: 1) Reservation for physically handicapped will be as per rules. 2) Some of leave vacancy posts are likely to continue. Administrative and other technical posts 4. (i) Registrar (ii) Finance Officer At Professor’s Grade (iii) Controller of Examinations (iv) Librarian (v) Director, Netaji Subhas Research Centre (vi) Director, Centre for Women Studies At Professor/Reader’s Grade (vii) Head, Computer Centre (viii) Medical Officer (ix) Junior Engineer Scale of pay and gross emolument at the minimum of the scale are as under: S.No. Post Scale of pay Gross monthly emolument at the minimum 1. Professor/Registrar/Finance Officer/Controller of Examinations/Librarian/Director/Head Rs.16,400-450-22,400/- Rs.27,500/- 2. Reader/Director/Head Rs.12,000-420-18,300/- Rs.20,350/- 3. Lecturer/Medical Officer Rs.8,000-275-13,500/- Rs.13,810/- 4. Junior Engineer Rs.4,500-125-7,000/- Rs.7,750/- 5. (a) Date of commencement for issue of application form : 27.6.2003 (b) Last date for issue of application form : 9.8.2003 (c) Last date for receipt of application form : 6.9.2003 (d) Cost of application form with details of eligibility criteria: Rs.75.00 (e) Application fee (non-refundable): Rs.200.00 (Rs.100.00 for SC/ST/ Physically handicapped) Interested applicant(s) can obtain the prescribed form of application with details of eligibility criteria on payment of the prescribed fee by draft drawn in favour of Finance Officer, Assam University payable at UCO Bank, Assam University Extension Counter from the office of the Registrar, Assam University . Outstation applicant(s) intending to receive the application form with eligibility criteria are to send self addressed stamped envelope of size 28x12 cm along with draft of Rs.75.00. Application form can also be downloaded from the University website – www.assamuniversity.nic.in. Candidates applying in downloaded application form shall have to pay Rs.275/- as application fee. The applications in prescribed form complete in all respect supported by attested copies of certificates/marksheets, experience certificates and details of research and publications in support of eligibility are to be sent to the Registrar, Assam University, Silchar-788 011, Assam. Candidates already in service are to submit their applications through proper channel. Advance copy may, however, be sent directly. Applications received after stipulated date or incomplete in any respect will be rejected and no correspondences will be made or entertained for such cases. The University reserves the right to negotiate with suitable candidates who may not have formally applied. The University also reserves the right to fill up or not to fill up any post or to call only shortlisted candidates for interview. Sd/- (Prof N.S.Rao) Registrar-in-charge ________________________________________________________________________ Send free SMS using the Yahoo! Messenger. Go to http://in.mobile.yahoo.com/new/pc/ _______________________________________________ announcements mailing list announcements at mail.sarai.net http://mail.sarai.net/mailman/listinfo/announcements From abirbazaz at rediffmail.com Sun Jul 6 22:23:05 2003 From: abirbazaz at rediffmail.com (abir bazaz) Date: 6 Jul 2003 16:53:05 -0000 Subject: [Reader-list] Victims of December 13 Message-ID: <20030706165305.8960.qmail@webmail8.rediffmail.com> An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: not available Url: http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/test1/attachments/20030706/894250ca/attachment.pl From faizan at sarai.net Tue Jul 8 17:22:25 2003 From: faizan at sarai.net (Faizan Ahmed) Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2003 17:22:25 +0530 Subject: [Reader-list] Fwd: [sada_amu] Points to ponder Message-ID: <200307081722.25636.faizan@sarai.net> ---------- Forwarded Message ---------- Subject: [sada_amu] Points to ponder Date: 2 Jul 2003 08:01:41 -0000 From: "Nadim Asrar" To: sada_amu at yahoogroups.com DAWN July 1, 2003 Indira's Emergency vs Advani's democracy By Jawed Naqvi Mrs Indira Gandhi locked up India's so-called strongman, Mr Lal Krishan Advani, on June 26, 1975, the day she declared her controversial Emergency rule. He was picked up in Bangalore and later lodged in the Rohtak Jail in Haryana, a veritable hellhole, for much of his imprisonment. Mr Advani was one of several opposition leaders who spent all or most of the 19 months of Mrs Gandhi's authoritarian rule in different prisons across the country. Every year since then, Mr Advani has found a ruse to remind us of his undemocratic ordeal. This year too, on June 26, he visited the Rohtak Jail with the usual media ensemble in attendance. He also got state TV to narrate the sequence of events that led to the suspension of civil liberties by Mrs Gandhi. The programme lasted an entire day. It's election time and these things count. After he was freed from prison, Mr Advani became information and broadcasting minister in the Janata Party government that removed Mrs Gandhi from power. She had miscalculated the national mood and called elections in mid-1977. She lost. It was a big day for Indian democracy. It had narrowly survived what could have been a close call. But what did Mr Advani do next? He promptly did as a democrat what Mrs Gandhi hesitated to do as a dictator. Within days of its inauguration, his government banned four school textbooks that were written by world acclaimed professors, including Messrs Bipan Chandra, R.S. Sharma and Romila Thapar. Hindutva is an ideology that equates the demolition of desolate mosques with national awakening. But in some ways Mr Advani came to practise his ideology years before his fanatical followers tore down the Babri Mosque in Dec 1992. Banning the books was one such. Before he became a politician Mr Advani was a film critic. He seemed to know his subject when as information minister he chose to show on Doordarshan one of the most brazenly communal films made in Hindi cinema, Swayam Siddha. It is a 1950s film about a Hindu woman's zeal to drive out Christian missionaries from her village to purify her motherland. As bonus, in the process of her exorcism, her deaf and mute husband is cured. The issue became one of several that drove a wedge between Mr Advani's loyalty to his ideology and his commitment to democracy via the Janata Party experiment. He chose the former. The government collapsed. How do Mr Advani's democratic precepts that he always takes care to wear on his sleeves compare with Mrs Gandhi's straight from the heart, unpretentious fling with dictatorship? Mrs Gandhi overrode parliament and jailed her foes. She then used her contrived majority in parliament to shape the constitution to suit her purposes such as they were. It is rumoured that she also influenced the Supreme Court to vacate her indictment by the Allahabad High Court, which had set aside her election from Rae Bareily, an issue that prompted the Emergency. Mrs Gandhi had used a cocktail of draconian laws to hunt her quarries. They included MISA (Maintenance of Internal Security Act), COFEPOSA, a law ostensibly to track and check smuggling, and the Defence of India Rules. Of these MISA was the most notorious. Mr Advani in his turn had no need for the multiplicity of laws, so he reduced them to just one, POTA (Prevention of Terrorism Act). Mrs Gandhi had manipulated the provisions of parliamentary democracy to push her way past the opposition. Mr Advani used parliamentary loopholes to reach there. He got Prime Minister Vajpayee to summon a joint session of parliament after the Congress blocked the passage of POTA in the Rajya Sabha. Mr Advani got the bill passed. Nowadays, Mr Advani's allies are using POTA freely to fix their rivals. The chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are prime examples of this abuse, not to speak of Gujarat. If Mrs Gandhi used her political power to tame the Supreme Court, Mr Advani used the street power of his hordes to reduce the apex court to a helpless bystander. That is how the mosque was demolished in Ayodhya. Of course there is not a trick in the legal armoury that he has not apparently used to delay and deny justice in the matter. He is one of the accused in the demolition trial. Mrs Gandhi's minions used the Emergency to harass their rivals. Mr Advani's cohorts are so brazen they do not need the cover of an emergency. Nor do they stop at mere harassment. They rape, burn, kill in the name of saving democracy as they did in Gujarat. They then seek shelter under the law of the land. That is how a day after Mr Advani took his ritual walk down memory lane inside a jail, a local court in Baroda allowed 21 men accused of mass murder inside a bakery during the February-March pogroms in Gujarat last year to walk free. The reason? The key witness, a Muslim woman, had turned hostile because she was reportedly too frightened to stand by her charge. This was the first case among several that are dealing with the carnage. They are all hanging fire. The outcome is cynically known. When Mr Advani was imprisoned, he had been a leading participant in a nationwide campaign to topple Mrs Gandhi. She accused the press also of collusion against her and therefore jailed several journalists and imposed strict censorship. But Mr Advani says he believes in democracy. So he allows two hapless journalists, Iftikhar Gilani and Kumar Badal, to rot in prison over allegations that they had abused their privilege as free citizens under his dispensation to harm the interests of the state. Iftikhar was picked up in June last year on fake charges of espionage and Kumar was next in July for allegedly poaching animals. They were freed earlier this year. Mr Advani's experiment with his peculiar form of democracy is not over yet. His government has caused the closure of the Tehelka website, the only news medium that dared to expose the government's corrupt ways with hard evidence. Offices of the Outlook magazine were raided ostensibly to discipline the editor. And so the experiment trundles on. And it has lasted more than Mrs Gandhi's 19 months. _____ #7. The Hindu (India) July 01, 2003 Fixing witnesses? THE ACQUITTAL OF all the 21 accused in the Best Bakery fire, which was part of the post-Godhra Gujarat carnage, is the culmination of a sloppy prosecution marred by interference from members of the ruling establishment. After crucial witnesses turned hostile during the trial in the fast-track court in Vadodara, the Best Bakery case was perhaps fated to fail. But the intervention of a BJP member of the Assembly, Madhu Shrivastava, who escorted the main complainant, Zahira Sheikh, to the court on the day she went back on her charges, raises apprehensions about intimidation of witnesses having played a decisive role in the outcome of the trial. Mr. Shrivastava, who claimed he was only "protecting" Zahira Sheikh and her family from anti-social elements, was present in the court through the trial. Indeed, he showed a more than ordinary interest in clearing the accused of the charges originally made by those in his "protection". The trial took on a farcical character with some of the witnesses describing as "saviours" the very same persons whom they had initially identified as the perpetrators of the crime. The facts and circumstances of the fire, which claimed at least 12 human lives, were well documented with the survivors recounting their ordeal before the National Human Rights Commission, the Government-appointed Commission of Inquiry, the Concerned Citizens Tribunal and the national media. However, everything changed the moment Mr. Shrivastava came on the scene and took the witnesses in his "protective" custody. The acquittal aside, what is disconcerting is that the sessions judge, H.U. Mahida, made no comment about the conduct of the witnesses. The prosecution was faulted, not for its inability to fix the charges on the accused, but for "fabricating" the accounts of the witnesses. Investigation of any riot case is difficult, as the police have to rely almost entirely on the accounts of the witnesses. In the Bakery case, Zahira Sheikh had voluntarily deposed against the accused in several public fora before retracting her deposition in court. That should have been sufficient cause for suspecting manipulation of the judicial process. To add to the intrigue, Zahira Sheikh was not immediately traceable after the verdict. In an already terrorised atmosphere, as in post-Godhra Gujarat, the witnesses are no doubt susceptible to intimidation and influence. Unfortunately, this aspect does not appear to have received the required attention during the trial stage. If such a high-profile case can collapse so easily, there is reason to believe that other cases registered in connection with the Gujarat riots might go the same way. If anything, the interference of the ruling establishment would be more in cases on the Naroda-Patiya and Gulmarg Society incidents, in which ruling party MLAs and VHP and Bajrang Dal leaders have been listed as accused. As the former Union Minister and National Conference leader, Omar Abdullah, has pointed out, the acquittal contrasts sharply with the detention, under the Prevention of Terrorism Act, of the accused in the Godhra train-burning case. In the end, the verdict in the Bakery case has only contributed to scepticism about a free investigation of the riots followed by a fair trial of the accused. Thus, it is imperative for the Government legal department to take steps to appeal against the acquittal. Otherwise, allegations of State complicity in the post-Godhra pogroms will stand confirmed, and the Bakery case will be a dangerous precedent for witnesses and investigators. ___________________________________________________ Click below to experience Sooraj R Barjatya's latest offering 'Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon' starring Hrithik, Abhishek & Kareena http://www.mpkdh.com - ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ---------------------~--> Get A Free Psychic Reading! Your Online Answer To Life's Important Questions. http://us.click.yahoo.com/Lj3uPC/Me7FAA/ySSFAA/BwowlB/TM - ---------------------------------------------------------------------~-> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: sada_amu-unsubscribe at yahoogroups.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ - ------------------------------------------------------- From narender224 at rediffmail.com Tue Jul 8 20:42:18 2003 From: narender224 at rediffmail.com (narender kumar thakur) Date: 8 Jul 2003 15:12:18 -0000 Subject: [Reader-list] Re: Sarai Independent Fellowship Presentations Message-ID: <20030708151218.21923.qmail@webmail16.rediffmail.com> Dear Ranita, I am sending a copy of research proposal for synopsis of PhD, please mail it to reader-list.I need suggestions on it through reader-list. I will be obliging your help. With regards, Narender Thakur #224 Sutlej Hostel JNU · Globalisation of Indian Professional Manpower: Interlinkages between Education, Productivity and Migration · Globalisation of India’s Human Capital: Interlinkages between Education, Productivity and Migration Introduction Productivity is the key to maintain higher level of competitiveness and efficiency in an economy. In the present economic environment, the competitiveness and efficiency are potential indicators not only of economic development but also of human development as well, in the long run. According to the Global Competitiveness Report (1999), in terms of competitiveness index, India stands at 52nd position out of total 56 countries surveyed. Being the second largest country in terms of population, India is endowed with a vast labour force possessing a wide variety of educational qualifications and skills. However, in terms of average labour productivity, India is among the lowest, when compared with other developing economies. Further, in a forty-seven country ranking of brain drain and labour productivity, India stands on 42nd position and the GDP per employee per hour (average productivity of labour) is US$ 0.37 and in terms of purchasing power parity it comes to $2.15. These values are the lowest of total 47 surveyed countries (World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2000). These figures reveal that the labour productivity is significantly low in India. Not only in terms of absolute level of labour productivity but the growth rate of labour productivity is also low. As a result, the impact of low labour productivity (absolute value and its rate of growth) in India is getting worse over time. For instance, during the period 1986-1995,the growth of labour productivity per annum in Thailand was 9 percent, in China 7 percent, in Singapore 6.4 percent, in South Korea 6.4 percent, in Indonesia 6.3 percent, in Malaysia 5.8 percent .In India it was only 3.4 percent (Khader, 2002), which is quite low in comparison to the growth rates of these other developing countries in the region. On the contrary, few noted economists and government sources have estimated that the labour productivity has increased in the 1990s.Sundaram estimates the productivity on the basis of NSS 55th Round data for the year 1999-2000. These estimates reveal that all sectors of Indian economy have experienced 6 percent annual increase in labour productivity (GOI, 2002). These inter-source differences between the estimates on labour productivity may lead one to an indepth analysis of the parameters. It may be because of the methodological difference, for in India labour productivity is estimated as a simple ratio of ‘value added in output’ to ‘total labour force’ whereas the World Competitiveness Yearbook uses the ratio of ‘value added in GDP’ to ‘employee work hours’ (GDP per employee per hour), i.e., in the estimation of labour productivity, the World Competitiveness Yearbook included ‘time factor’ (working-hours) also. This argument related to the inclusion of ‘time factor’ or working hours of employee/labour force must be cross-checked by the declining figures of the work-participation rates in India as whole. Work-participation rate (WPR), which was quite low in the early 1990s declined further. For example, in 1993-94 at All-India (rural and urban) level it was 444 per thousand for the rural sector and 347 per thousand for the urban sector and came down to 417 and 337 respectively in 1999-2000 (NSSO, 2000). However, the formula used in the estimation of WPR is not capturing the ‘real’ participation rate of workforce; it would be better if estimation is based on the parameter of ‘time’ factor. In other words, the real hours are devoted to the work by a worker can provide best estimate of work participation rate. However the problem of availability of data on work participation hourly basis is prevailed in India. World Competitiveness Yearbook (2000) applied this method in estimation of the GDP per employee per hour for a sample of 47 countries including India. The low productivity in India as well as in other developing economies is a feature of their underdevelopment. The Indian economy is trapped by vicious circle of poverty even in recent years, due to various push and pull factors. After 55 years of independence from the clutches of colonialism, the poverty ratio in India remains at 26.10 percent in 1999-2000(NSS 55th Round). However, the estimates of poverty for 1999-2000 are not strictly comparable with earlier estimates of poverty because of the methodological differences (GOIL, 2002) . When compared in terms of human development index (HDI), India’s rank is 115th in the total 162 countries (UNDP, 2001). Further, Human Development Report (1997) introduced the concept of Human poverty Index , in which India stands at very high rank, indicating the prevalence of vicious circle of poverty in the economy. The value of Human Poverty Index (HPI) of India is 34.5 in 1999 whereas value of HPI of Pakistan is 39.2 the rank of HDI is 127 in the same year. In the comparison of other developed economies, the Norway’s rank of HDI is 1 and its HPI is 7.5 and the values of same indexes of Canada are rank 3 and 12.1 respectively. The above discussion reveals that Indian economy is facing the problem of underdevelopment, more than one-quarter of its population is living under the poverty line, absolute labour productivity as well as its rate of growth is quite low so as the work-participation rate. Labour Productivity depends inter alia upon a number of factors, availability of other inputs, which are combined with labour in the production process, health, education and skill of workers, motivation for work and institutional set up. The two inputs, viz., capital and managerial skill when combined with labour in the required quantity raise its productivity substantially. The question is how to use the labour with other factors of production so that each and every factor of production can be used in a complement and efficient way to raise the average productivity of labour per hour. In other words, perfect complementary between factors of production results in the efficiency and high labour productivity in the pace of economic development. If India has to raise the productivity of labour, it will need to augment the level of education and health, work participation rates. Hence, there are clear linkages between the poverty of workers and work-participation rate, their health and skill, which determine the labour productivity. Therefore, the vicious circle of poverty is an important issue to be addressed for raising the productivity of labour, which in turn will determine the human as well as economic development. Education and Productivity Education enhances human capital formation in the economy, which determines the human development as well, particularly through qualitative improvement and efficiency of labour. In other words, education/training plays a very crucial role in labour productivity, which positively affects the human capital formation. The labour productivity as part of the ‘total factor productivity’ , also increase the value of total factor productivity. The productivity of labour is really important to be addressed in developing economies, which despite having huge surplus of labour are lingering with high poverty-ratio, low work-participation-rate, low literacy and inadequate services of health, water, electricity, sanitation etc. If quality and efficiency of surplus labour could be improved in developing economies, it would be proved a vital determinant of the human and/or social development. All the great classical economists, including Adam smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo and, Karl Marx identified the role of labour in the production process in an economy. For instance, Adam Smith introduced the concept of increasing returns in the process of production in late 19th Century and the notion of increasing returns based on the division of labor. He explained that the division and specialisation of labor are the very basis of a social economy; otherwise everyone might as well be their own Robin Crusoe producing everything they want for themselves (Thirwall, 1997). Solow (1957) identified the share of human capital (technological progress) as an exogenous factor in the production function, which was left unexplained in earlier economic growth models. This unexplained share in the economic growth was identified as the contribution of human capital (investment in education/expenditure on education), which is termed as the residual factor of production function. Since 1950,it was a shift in paradigm of economic growth, i.e., shift of physical capital approach towards human capital approach. Schultz (1961) and Denison (1964) analysed the investment in education / human capital as an important factor of production function which results higher rate of economic growth in the economy. The capabilities acquired by human beings are also identified as a major endowment for economic development as well as human development (Drez, and Sen, 1999). The Solow growth model shows that such persistent growth must come from technological progress. “But where does technological progress come from? In the Solow model, it is just assumed” (Mankiw, 2000). The ‘endogenous growth theory’ or ‘new growth theory’ rejected the Solow model’s assumption of exogenous technological change. Although the field of endogenous growth theory is large and sometimes complex, but a technological factor in production factor is clearly explained in this endogenous growth theory. Since the mid 1980s there has been an outpouring of literature and research on the applied economics of growth attempting to understand and explain the differences in the rates of growth of output and growth of per capita income across the world. In the ‘new’ models of endogenous growth pioneered by Robert Lucas (1988), Paul Romer (1986,1990), and Jones (1998) assumed that the positive externalities associated with human capital formation, for example education /training and research development prevent the marginal product of capital from falling and the capital-output ratio from rising, and increase in the labour productivity through ‘efficiency’ factor in production function which is in turn lead to high level of economic development. It is accepted that the human capital enhances economic development and the prevailing GDP-differentials between North and South are due to differences between the endowments of skill and education. Therefore the developed countries are investing more in education/training and research and development as compare to developing countries. Notwithstanding, developing countries are making substantial expenditure on education and other forms of human capital formation but they are still legging behind in comparison to their developed counterparts. For instance, India spends 3.8% of its GNP on education in 2000(MHRD, 2001) which is low as compare to other developed economies and few developing economies as well. Although the emigration of ‘finished and semi-finished human capital’ (professionals and students) overseas has minimised their expected benefits from educational expenditure to the economy which guide to low human capital formation .At the same time, a large number of professionals, e.g., IT professionals, doctors, nurses, engineers, teachers, and students etc. are migrating overseas more importantly for better remuneration package, better job opportunities and/or highly qualitative education/training. On the one side, emigration of professionals and students incurs huge loss of public resources and skill-transfer, which is called as ‘brain drain’. But on other side of this emigration raises the hope for remittances and return migration of professional with better-acquired skill and education/training, which could be used in national development. This kind of return migration and remittances can be proved a driving force in the process of economic development of India. However the issue to be addressed here is - whether the role of remittances as expected, is quite similar to the physical return migration for the national development of developing economies like India. With physical return migration of professionals and students, an improvement in health and education in developing economies can be expected/formulated, which leads to more externalities and higher potentiality for human development. Because this type of national development will increase the living standard or quality of life and quality of work of remained masses of the home country. The use of ‘knowledge-bank’ (acquired by return and out-migrants) in the health and education standards in developing economies can raise the average productivity of labour or workers’ attitude towards high work participation rate. In the present phase of globalisation, the movement of natural persons is relatively free; emigration and return-migration of labour especially of professionals in developing economies like India have an important role to trickle-down for a big push in its national development. Migration and Productivity In the era of globalisation, the free movement of natural persons across borders is becoming easier as compared to earlier phases of economic development due to the minimizing/eliminating the economic boundaries of nation-states. In the presence of convenient and efficient means of transportation, flexible economic and migration policies of sending as well as destination countries, easy access for communication and information are important factors, which have been facilitated/availed the comparatively open environment for international mobility of capital and labour .The ‘export-promotion policy’ is being implemented to promote the free mobility of labour in the global labour market along with international trade of goods and services. However WTO-GATS framework advocates the free movement of labour especially for immigration countries have more demand for professional manpower rather than semi-skilled and unskilled manpower. Moreover the globalisation of labour inherits itself the feature of less conditions for free movement of goods and services as well as free mobility of factors of production. The WTO-GATT framework demands the efficiency and productivity in the process of production. This framework argued that there is a need of competitiveness and efficiency in the ‘global village’. As witnessed from above discussion that developing economies including India inherit the problems of low productiveness and competitiveness. Besides having low productivity including low labour productivity, the developing economies like India are facing the problem of brain drain. Therefore drain of knowledge and free movement of goods and services and factors of production have posed a challenge for India, that how can it outweigh the cost of brain drain in the presence of free mobility of professionals under the guidelines of WB-IMF-WTO-GATT nexus. Therefore each and every economy is now under pressure to accept the diktats of these international economic giants of the free global market. In the context of high-poverty-ratio and high mobility of professionals , the economic policies are required to offset the problems of underdevelopment, which have cause-effect relationship with low work-participation and labour productivity. Therefore developing economies need to concentrate on productivity-issue of its surplus labour. It implies that the efficient and productive labour can raise the level of production as well as meet the need of time to increase the level of total factor productivity through increase in labour productivity and in the same time compete with in free-global market. However the World Labour report (2000) admits that the benefits of globalisation are not reaching to enough people. The same document asserts that the increased global competition has led to the loss of job and temporary employment arrangement that are often less secure and provide fewer social benefits than regular jobs. Therefore the doubt has created whether globalisation of labour increase the average productivity or decline . The labour productivity gaps between the North and the South determine the income inequalities among the countries and poverty within the country. Moreover the impact of globalisation of labour need to be analysed especially, in case of India where ‘Globalisation has created opportunities for some people, regions and countries that have not even dreamt of three decades ago. But, it has also contributed to increased impoverishment, inequality and insecurity for many others’ (Nayyar, 2002). In the perspective of international economics, Hecksher-Ohlin theorem (1933) states that the physical capital-rich country will have the comparative advantage in the production of capital-intensive goods and the labour-rich country will have the comparative advantage in the labour-intensive goods. However, Leontief (1953) refuted the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem on the basis of his study on US data for the year 1947 that US exports were less capital-intensive and more labour-intensive than US imports.. The reason behind the failure of this theorem that US has exported products those were more skilled labour-intensive than its imports as measured by average years of education. More recently, economists have attempted to test the Hecksher-Ohlin model using data for a large number of 27countries and 12 factors (Bowen et al., 1987). They also refuted the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem, on the ground of their empirical results and confirm that the developed economies, those are capital-abundant exporting skill- intensive goods and importing the capital-intensive goods. In other words that Leontief paradox accepted on a broader level and rejected the Hecksher-Ohlin theory . Leamer (1999) uses a variable factor to show the role of work-participation rate in the production function, which is known as ‘effort’ into a traditional two sectors, and factors of Hecksher-Ohlin model of international economics. The empirical results proved, on the basis of data related to Japanese, US, UK economies, that ‘effort’ enters in a production function as the total factor productivity because ‘effort of a labour’ matters in the GDP growth. Brain Drain, Return Migration and Productivity The emergence of human–capital theory paradigm (1957) in late 1950s and comparatively flexible immigration policy of the US in 1960s were two important landmarks have affected the patterns of international migration. The advent of human capital theory encouraged the nation-states to enhance the proportion of their budgetary allocation/expenditure on education/training and investment in ‘human capital’ has been recogonised as an important tool for economic growth. As a result of flexible immigration policy the US has emerged as an epicenter for the migration of highly skilled labour not only from the developed countries such as UK, Canada but also from the developing countries, viz., Mexico, India, etc. These factors led to a paradigm shift in international migration of professionals and technically skilled personnel across the countries, especially to the US. This paradigm-shift attracted a large number of semi-skilled and skilled professionals from India to US rather than UK (Khadria, 1999,2001). However in past, UK was an important destination country for Indian emigrants including professionals due to colonial bonding. (Khadria, 1990; Commander et al., 2002). Presently a large number of professionals and students are in the US for example 35 thousand to 45 thousand Indian were granted emigrant visas (i.e. Permanent residency) by the US Immigration and Naturalisation Service per year between 1996 and 1998 (Khadria, 2001). The presence of Indian IT professionals in Silicon Valley is familiar to all. About 3 percent of Indian doctors emigrated from India to the US in the 1980s. In addition, a large proportion of medical graduates, i.e., 56 percent in 1956-80 and 49 percent in the 1990s emigrated from AIIMS to the US (Khadria, 1999; The Economist, 2002). The emigration of such a large number of professionals was termed as ‘brain–drain’ for the country of origin, i.e., India, because it was the loss of financial resources to State exchequer (in terms of subsidies on higher education) as well as drain of human capital, i.e., productive potential. Many professionals are migrating to developed economies, after getting their education/training from the premier and quality educational institutions of medical sciences, management and technology, viz., AIIMS, IITs, IIMs, University of Delhi, JNU, BHU etc. The purposes of professionals to migrate are better remuneration packages, better job opportunities and other reasons etc. A study of the fiscal effects of the Indian brain drain, by Mihir Desai and two of his colleagues, point out that the 1 million Indians in the United States accounted for a mere 0.1% of India’s population but earned the equivalent of a staggering 10% of India’s national income . However, the loss of the skilled and educated may do more harm than emigration in general because this type of finished and semi-finished human capital includes higher social cost in terms of national skill-wastage and fiscal resources of sending economy. Different economists have suggested some solutions to offset the cost of brain drain to source country. Jagdish Bhagavati suggested in 1970s that a rational-tax-system must be levied on the professionals and students who are leaving the home country to compensate the brain drain. But it is pending work for the policy-makers to frame for such a tax proposal for professionals or students staying abroad. A policy framework suggests that the cost of brain drain can also be minimised if destinations economies finance the education of professionals, which they have demand for professionals in their economies (The Economist, 2002). This type of policy would at least eliminate the fiscal loss of sending countries of professionals. No country now tries to stop its people from leaving in the global-world and human-freedom cannot be restricted or prohibited. A few, such as China, lean heavily on the families of students studying abroad to ensure that return. However, WTO-GATS through the clause of mode4 related to natural movement of persons also emphasized on the temporary-migration, even developed economies are framing their immigration polices towards temporary-migration friendly. It is an important proposition to anlayse that developed countries are controlling and diverting their economic and immigration policies in favour of temporary migration (7 years of stay – maximum limit in destination country). If developed counties are limiting the permanent migration of professionals and other occupational workers, the return of professionals could be beneficial to developing countries in terms of their role in enhancing the productivity and efficiency of labour in the country of origin. However, a contradiction/dichotomy has emerged from this temporary-immigration policy undertaken by developed countries and GATS. The dichotomy has emerged between the laws of nation that restrict the movement of people across borders and the economics of globalisation that induces the movement of people across borders. (Nayyar, 2000) In the ‘global village’, an economy cannot bear the cost of being isolated itself from the international economy. It would be very expensive for such an ‘isolated’ economy to maintain an adequate level of relationship with in the changing scenario of international economy. In the framework of WTO-regime, each and every player (economy) has to play in the ‘game’ (free international economy) to try to its fate for comparative gain or win over other player(s) (countries). In the framework of GATS-movement of natural persons mode 4, mobility of labour cannot be restricted with in the economic boundaries of nation-state. It is interesting to examine that temporary migration is an emerging phenomenon rather permanent migration in the arena of international mobility of skilled professionals or service providers. Migrants today increasingly come from poor counties, and their stay in the host counties is becoming shorter (UNESCO, 1999). However, poor countries are not the only ones affected by outward migration. There are some developed countries, which lose their manpower, for example, professionals from Australia and Canada are migrating to the United States (The Economist, 2002). Developed economies also find the problem of brain drain as; skilled immigrants use them as entrepot countries, acquiring citizenship and education before moving on to the largest and richest job market in the world. A separate class of visas in GATS framework (GATS visa) has been established for service professionals who are temporarily working overseas. The GATS visa would facilitate comparatively free international mobility of labour mainly the mobility of professionals (Chanda, 1999). The emphasis on the temporary migration can offset the cost incurred in the brain drain of developing economies. In other words, such type of migration may lead to ‘brain gain’ through ‘brain exchange and/or brain circulation’ in terms of ‘higher probability of return migration’ of service providers who have potential ‘knowledge-bank’ acquired from the experiences and on- the- job training overseas. The challenge before the developing economies including India that in what way an outflow of skilled workers bring a reward in the terms of remittances and most importantly physical return migration of professionals .The professionals who have acquired ‘knowledge-bank’ which they gained in the highly technological, efficient, productive and competitiveness environment of the developed countries. However it is a necessary condition for the economic development that return migration of skilled labour must take place but sufficient condition would be the use of acquired-skill/training in overseas in raising the level of productivity of remained masses of the home country. Formulation of Research problem The low average labour productivity and work participation rate determine the Indian underdevelopment. However surplus of labour is an important characteristic of Indian economy. But the Indian skilled labour is performing efficiently in global labour market, which is precipitating for higher demand for Indian professionals overseas. There is a significant role of Indian semi-finished and finished human capital in developed economies like US, UK, Australia etc. As trends of migration, a large number of skilled mobility from India has taken place in the past and is still prevailing. This phenomenon incurs huge losses in terms of wastage of fiscal resources as well as skill-transfer from India due to the large-scale emigration of persons belonging to the category of brain drain. In the era of globalisation, free movement of natural persons (or service providers) cannot be restricted to the boundaries of nation-states. A challenge is there before the Indian economy, to rationalize the policies (economic and migration) to ensure the contribution of skilled labour in the national development. The emigrated skilled labour has the potential of increasing productivity, competitiveness and efficiency that can be used a main driving force to boost the pace of economic development of India. Therefore an issue is to be addressed here on the role of India’s migrant professionals to raise labour productivity, which can offset possible adverse effects of skilled mobility and even leverage the flow into positive outcomes for source countries. The problems of underdevelopment are severely prevailed in India, viz., and the general level of education, health of the population. The low literacy and inadequate health services have a cause-effect relationship with poverty and eventually it guide low work-participation rate. Low levels of skills and work- participation rate maintain average levels of productivity, which in turn hinder national development and welfare. A long-term strategy is required to promote the economic and human development of developing countries. It is not only a question of retain and return their highly skilled manpower but also make them to offset the cost of brain drain in India, i.e., brain gain for national economy. The migrants themselves can play an important role in this task of national development through their remittances; networks and their physical return-at least temporarily-to exchange their skills and contribute towards economic and human development. The research problem can be written in the following equation as under: Q L =f (K, L, E, Mo, Mr, R, Ep, WTO-gats) Q/L-Average Productivity of Labour Q-Production Level, L-Labour, K-Capital, E-Effort, (Efficiency)-Work Participation Rate Mo- Out-Migration, Mr- Return, Migration, R-Remittances, Ep-Economic Policies, WTO-Clause of Most favoured Nation for Movement of Natural Persons Objective of the Study The major aim of the present study is to find out the interlinkages between education, productivity and migration in the context of globalisation of India’s human capital. For the sake of clarity and precision the above-mentioned aim can be stated in terms of the following specific objectives: 1. To identify the parameters of average productivity of labour in India. 2. To find out the impact of New Economic Policy, 1991 on average productivity of labour in India. 3. To find out the impact of out-migration of professionals on average productivity of labour in India. 4. To find-out the impact of educational background of migrant professionals on average productivity of labour in India. 5. To find out the impact of return migration of professionals on average productivity of labour in labour. 6. To identify and anlayse the kinds of policies which are being formulated and implemented to increase the average productivity level in India and in other countries. 7. To identify the economic policy framework in the phase of globalisation of labour for developing economies. 8. To identify the forms of remittances are significantly useful to increase the average labour productivity Research Questions: 1. What are the parameters of average productivity of labour in India? 2. What is the impact of New Economic Policy 1991 on the average labour productivity in India? 3. What is the impact of out-migration of professionals on the average labour productivity in India? 4. What is the impact of educational background of migrant professionals on average productivity of labour in India? 5. What is the impact of return migration of professionals on average productivity of labour in India? 6. What kinds of economic-policies are being formulated and implemented to increase the average productivity level in India and in other country? 7. What is the economic-policy framework in the phase of globalisation of labour for India? 8. What forms of remittances are significantly useful to increase the average labour productivity? Important Terms and Concepts Labour Productivity The term expresses the degree to which labour is utilized effectively. Labour Productivity is the sum of use values produced (products or material services) per worker employed in production. It is generally calculated with reference to some unit or time (hour, day, month, or year). Generally output per man-hour is used as a measure of productivity in view of, and as approximation to, output per unit of total input, because the latter is not available or cannot be calculated within a reasonable margin of error. Labour Force (Economically Active Persons) Labour Force is defined as the total persons working (or employed) and seeking or available for work (unemployed). The group of persons within a minimum and maximum age group willing to be engaged in some economic activity. Thus, both the employed and unemployed within a specified age and time period constitute the labour force. Migration Migration implies the geographical movement of individuals or groups of individuals. Thus migration is a form of across specified boundaries (i.e., between on geographical unit and another) generally involving a change of residence from the palace of origin or the place of departure to the place of destination or the place of arrival with the object of establishing a new permanent residence. It is of two kinds- international migration (or migration between counties) and internal migration (or migration within a country). Occupational Classification Systematic grouping of occupations- of each group or sub-group representing an aggregation of specific tasks. Some of the standard occupational classifications are: International Standard Occupational classifications (ISCO)-1966 and 1988, International Labour organization), National Classification of Occupational (NCO) 1958 and 1968(DGE&T) India; Standard Occupational classification (SOC) 1958(CSO) India. The NCO, 1968 gives classification of occupation in 5 digits-in 3 digit families and 2-digit groups, there by implying that the more detailed the level of sub-division, the more homogeneous will be the content of occupation in a family or group from the point of view of ‘type of work performed’. An Occupational Division is essentially a convenient basis for combining homogenous group of occupations. In the NCO, 1968 for example there are 8 Divisions, further classified into 95 groups, 462 families and 2,464 occupations. The Occupational Divisions are as follows: 01- Professional, technical and related workers. 02- Administrative, executive and managerial workers 03- Clerical and related workers. 04- Sales workers 05 Service workers 06- Farmers, fishermen, hunters, loggers and related workers. 07,08&09- Production and related workers, transport equipment operators, labourers. X- Workers are not classified by Occupations Participation Rate The number of persons in working age expressed as a percentage of the total population. The term is generally used in conjunction with labour force. The labour force participation rate (LFPR) is the percentage of population in the labour force (either employed or unemployed) at a given period of time. The age-specific participation is the percentage of population in different age groups of the labour force to the total population in corresponding age- groups. Professionals The term refers to persons who apply in a professional activity the scientific knowledge and methods to a variety of technological, economic, social, industrial and governmental problems. This category includes such persons as scientists, engineers, architects, physicians dentists, professors, economists, and statisticians, who are characterized by their long formal education and training.(IAMR) Professionals are people with high levels of education, experience and qualifications whose skills are in demand everywhere and can move from country to country, temporarily or permanently, as immigration laws are not restrictive for them. Transnational corporations employ most of them. But some of them circulate in their professional capacities or through systems of education and research. (Nayyar, 2000) Work Participation Rate Total Employed persons/Total Labour force Work participation rate is defined as the proportion of workers in the population In other words, percentage of workers to the total population. Workforce Participation Rate It can be defined as the number of persons/person-days employed per thousand persons-days is referred as the work-force participation rate (WFPR) or the worker population ratio (WPR). According to NSSO 55th Round’ document, of the three approaches, the usual principal status approach is best suited as a measure of economic activity in an economy with seasonal fluctuations in the employment. This because, in this approach the criteria used is the pattern of activities followed by the person for a relatively long period of time. By considering also persons with some subsidiary employment, certain transient component of employment is also netted in. Need of the Study The present study will focus on the average productivity and globalisation of labour and their impact on economic development of India. In the era of globalisation, comparatively free movement of the factors of production, viz., and capital and labour is minimizing/eliminating the economic boundaries across the countries. The movement of natural persons has also been dealt by the WTO and its constituent agencies/organizations such as GATS, which are now emphasizing on the temporary-migration of service-providers. Most of the immigrant nations of the developed world are trying to limit the number of permanent immigrants However, in order to reverse the impacts of brain drain, developing economies are making efforts to gain from the export of skilled labour particularly in terms of remittances and investment in education, health and other important sectors of human and social development. Indian Prime Minister also speaks, in the Indian Science Congress, that there is a need of bringing-back the Indian ‘brain-bank’ staying overseas, for the process of rapid national development of India. The endogenous growth theory of economics of development in 1990 explained that human capital is an important factor to raise the level of average productivity. Leontief Paradox (1953) also analysed that US economy gained from the export of high-skilled labour-intensive goods. Because of the lower work participation rate and comparatively very low levels of average productivity of labour in India, Indian migrants professionals are vital factors to be analysed and formulate the national economic policies on the base of these constraints. Several studies have estimated the ‘total factor productivity’ of indusial sector especially in manufacturing sector (Mitra and Goldar, 2002; Mitra 1999: Golder 1992; Ahluwalia 1991; Goldar 2001, Agrawal 2002). But they have not estimated average productivity per employee per hour, which is very crucial to improve the work participation rate and low average productivity of Indian labour. Indian economy as a labour abundant country must concentrate on average labour productivity per hour along with other levels of factors productivity. As a whole there is no concentration on GDP/employee per hour-productivity of labour. All these above mentioned facts and assertions provide a need to evolve the role of Indian emigrant professionals in the process of economic development of India. Research Methodology The present study will use both macro and micro empirical methods. The macro empirical analysis will be based on the available primary and secondary data on the level of value-added output in different-industries/sectors, labour force, workforce, stock and flow data of professionals as occupational and educational classification level (ISCO-1996/1997 and NCO-1967). Further, the secondary data of international migration of professionals and remittances will be collected from different Indian and international sources. Besides, various policy documents and annual reports of the concerned agencies of India, Countries of Indian Emigrants Professionals and WTO, WB etc. will be looked into. The information for this study will be collected from following documents (the data/information each document contains is given along with the source): · Census of India 2001,1991-Stock data of number of professionals in India from Economic Tables (Division 0-1 and 2) · NSSO-Different round surveys on Employment and Unemployment-Stock data of Work participation rates and labour force in India. · Annual Survey of Industries. Value-added Output in different industries of India (NIC-1987) · Reports and Documents of Ministry of Human Resource Development, Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Labour, Indian Council of Cultural Relations, IAMR, Planning Commission, Reserve Bank of India- Stock and flow data on employment, education and migration. Report on Currency and Finance of RBI will provide stock and flow data on remittances of NRIs. · Reports and Documents of IMF, WTO, WB, GATS, GATT, UNCHR, IOM, UNCTAD. - Stock and flow data, and literature of Indian professionals, conditions and policies of GATS, WTO, IMF etc. for India · Reports and Documents of National Productivity of Council, Asian Productivity Council. – Data and literature related Labour Productivity of India and of other countries as well. · Censuses of Different Countries of Immigration. -Data on Indian immigrant professional and students. For the micro empirical study-sample survey, the information will be collected on different dimensions of return migrant professionals and their possible role in the economic development of India, including increasing the average productivity of labour. The target group of the sample–survey will be migrant IT and medical professionals. The sample size will be 100. The information is to be collected with self-prepared questionnaire. On the basis of our micro-sample–survey we will extrapolate our results with the results of macro-secondary data based study. Tentative Chapterisation Chapter-1: Introduction § Globalisation of Labour and Productivity § Education and Productivity § Migration and Productivity § Research Methodology § Review of Literature Chapter-2: Globalisation of Human Capital: Migration of Indian Professionals · Interlinkges between Education and Labour Productivity in India · Interlinkges between Migration and Labour Productivity in India Chapter-3: Labour Productivity in India: Affecting Factors and Economic Reforms § Return migration and Labour Productivity § Out migration and Labour Productivity § Remittances and Labour Productivity § Work Participation Rate § New Economic Policy, 1991 Chapter-4: Micro-Sample Survey on migration of professionals: Macro Vs. Micro Analysis on Labour Productivity in India. § Differences and Similarities between results of Macro-Sample Survey and Macro-Secondary data based Analysis Chapter-5: Concluding remarks: · Conclusion and Summary · Policy Implications and Suggestions References 1. Agiomigianakis, George, M.(1999)The Macroeconomics of open economies under labor mobility, Ashagate Publishing Company, Vermont, USA 2. Borjas, G.J. (2001) Does Immigration Grease the Wheels of the Labor Market? Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, Brooking Institution, Washington, D C. Vol.1 3. Bratsberg, Bernt and Jr. Ragan, James F. (2002) The impact of host-country schooling on earnings, a Study of male immigrants in the United States Journal of Human Resources, Vol.xxxvii No.1, Winter, pp.63-103. 4. Commander, S., et al. (2002) The Brain Drain: Curse or Boon? A Survey of the Literature, The paper presented in CEPR/NNBER/SNS International Seminar on International Trade, Stockholm, 24-25 May. 5. Deodhar, S.Y. (2002) Educational Services-Issues for India in WTO Negotiations, Economic and Political Weekly, May 11, pp. 1791-1795. 6. Dolinskaya, I.(2002) explaining Russia’s Output Collapse, IMF Staff Papers,Vol.49, No.2,pp.155-174 7. Feldman, Maryann P. (2002) How States Augment the Capabilities of Technology-Pioneering Firms, Growth and Change, Vol.33, No.2, Spring, pp.173-195. 8. Harry P. Bowen, Edward E. Leamer, and Leo Sveikauskas (1987), “Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory,” American Economic Review, Vol.77, pp791-809, December 9. Jones, I.J. (1998) Introduction to economic Growth, Norton Publisher, New York 10. Khader, SA (2000) Strategic Perspective for Building Productivity Culture, Yojana, vol. 44, no.5, May, pp10-17. 11. Khadria, B. (1999) The Migration of Knowledge Workers, Second Generation Effects of India’s Brain Drain, Sage Publications, New Delhi 12. Khadria, B. (2001) Shifting Paradigms of Globalisation: The Twenty-first Century, Transition towards Generics in skilled Migration from India, International Migration-Quarterly review, Vol. 39, No.5, pp.45-72 13. Lipton, Michael (1981) Migration from rural areas of poor countries; 14. Lucas, R.E (1988) On the Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics 22, pp3-42. 15. Mankiw, N.G. (2000) Macro Economics –fourth edition, Macmillan Worth Publishers, Hampshire 16. Ministry of Labour (2002) Report of the Study group on Globalisation and its impact, Second National Commission on Labour, February. 17. Mountford, A. (1997) Can a Brain Drain be good for growth in the source economy? Journal of Development Economics, Vol.52, No.1 Feb., pp.-287-303. 18. Miyagiva,K.(1991) Scale Economies in education and brain drain problem International Economic review, Vol.32, No. 3, pp. 743-759,August. 19. National Sample Survey Organisation (2000) Employment and Unemployment in India, 1999-2000,NSS 55th Round, July1999-June2000. 20. Nayyar, D (2000) Globalisation and Migration: Retrospect and Prospect, Yojana, vol. 44, no.5, May, pp18-27. 21. Nayyar D. (1994) Migration, Remittances and Capital Flows- The Indian Experiences, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. 22. Prakash, B.A. (2000) Exodus of Gulf Emigrants, Return Emigrants of Varkala Town in Kerala, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXV No.1, December 16-22. 23. UNESCO (1996) Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty First Century Learning: The Treasure With In, Paris 24. Romer P.M. (1986) Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth, Journal of Political EconomyVol94, pp 1002-1037 25. Satyanarayan,A.(2002)Birds of Passage: Migration of south Indian Laborers to South Asia,Critical Asian Studies, Vol.34,No.1,pp.89-128, March. 26. Stark, O, et. al. (97) a brain gain with brain drain, Economic Letters, Vol.55, Nos.1-3, pp 227-234 27. Oosterbeek, H. (1997) Returns from computer Use: A simple test on the productivity interpretation, Economic Letters, Vol.55, Nos.1-3, pp 273-277 28. Galore. and Stark, O. (19900 Migrants’ savings, The Probability of Return Migration and Migrants’ Performance, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 31, No.2, May, pp. 463-467. 29. Mankiw et. al. (1992) A contribution to the empirics of economic growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. cvii, Issue 4, , pp. 407-436. 30. Fan, S. and Zhang (2002) Production and Productivity Growth in the Chinese Agriculture: New National and regional Measures Economic Development and Cultural Change Vol.50, Number 4, July 2002. 31. The Economic Times (2003) Labour productivity rising as India Inc cuts flab in bug way, 32. The Economist (2002) Outward Bound-Special Report on Emigration, September 28th –4th October. 33. Thirwall, A.P. (1999) Growth and Development, Macmillan Press Limited, London; 34. Tian, Xiaowen and Lo Io, Vai (2002) Property Rights, Productivity Gains and Economic Growth: the Chinese Experience, Post-Communist Economies, Vol.14, No. 2,June, pp.245-258. 35. World Employment Report (2001) Life at Work in the Information Economy, International Labour Office, Geneva Naren ___________________________________________________ Click below to experience Sooraj R Barjatya's latest offering 'Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon' starring Hrithik, Abhishek & Kareena http://www.mpkdh.com From paul at waag.org Tue Jul 8 21:55:56 2003 From: paul at waag.org (Paul Keller) Date: Tue, 08 Jul 2003 18:25:56 +0200 Subject: [Reader-list] Manifesto on the role of Open Source Software for Development Cooperation Message-ID: The following manifesto was finalized during a recent workshop on the role of Open Source software in the context of Development cooperation that was held in the context of the Waag Sarai exchange programme at Waag Society in Amsterdam. The Manifesto has been presented to Dutch members of parliament on July 1st. It is also available in its original layout at http://sarai.waag.org/display.php?id=28 /paul Manifesto on the role of Open Source Software for Development Cooperation Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS)[1] represent a new and growing phenomenon, which is much discussed these days as it implies a radically new method of production, co-operation and exchange. In this paper we argue that Open Source Software has a special importance when viewed, used and produced in the context of development cooperation. With this paper we want to encourage all stakeholders in the sector to pay more attention to Open Source Software, employ it wherever possible and to learn from the principles embedded in it. This manifest that has been produced during a workshop[2] on the role of Open Source Software in the development cooperation context that was organized by Waag Society and Hivos contains a number of recommendations aimed at increasing the use of Open Source Software in this sector. The philosophy behind open source software The knowledge that is embedded in operating systems and software programs to make them run, also known as the source code, can be either 'closed' and proprietary, or 'open', that is public and shared. Free, Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) is software of which the source code is available, that may be used, copied, and distributed with or without modifications, and that may be offered either with or without a fee. Although the open source movement goes back almost forty years, Open Source Software has become a mainstream-topic only recently. Worldwide more and more businesses, organizations and governments are using Open Source Software. This ongoing adoption can be attributed to two reasons, namely the maturing of some key open source products like GNU/Linux and Office production software (Open Office) and the increased resistance to the effective monopoly of Microsoft on the worldwide software market. The choice for either the open or the closed concept has very different and far-reaching consequences for users, developers and producers of software alike. The (still dominant) closed format of software seems to suit corporate interests well, but at the same time it appears to be increasingly at odds with the current shift of Œtangible' (concrete products and services), towards 'intangible'’ (i.e. knowledge-based) production. Since the immaterial, in the digital age, is also very easily duplicable, the efforts to 'proprietarize' it have resulted in severe legal and political conflicts around the disputed concept of 'intellectual property rights'. Open Source Software by putting knowledge (the source code) in the public domain’ offers much more opportunities for sharing and co-operation between all players in the field, reduces dependencies, hinders the rise of monopolists, and fosters healthy competition. Contrary to widespread beliefs, Open Source Software is not adverse to commerce and business as Open Source based products and services can be sold by anyone. Open Source Software and Development Cooperation -The most significant advantage is the right to view and modify the source code as it enables anyone with the required skills to improve or modify such applications thus creating the possibility to tailor Open Source Software applications according to individual, regional or special needs. In the context of development cooperation this means that applications can be adapted to country specific circumstances (language or other special needs) regardless of the fact if this is profitable for a vendor or not. -As Open Source Software applications are not the property of a single entity, using them makes the user less dependent. This is especially important in the South were organisations running on subsidised or pirated software face the risk of becoming dependent on essential infrastructure they cannot sustain should the subsidies end or intellectual property laws be enforced. Additionally Open Source Software does ensure that specialized knowledge that was generated with public resources is not kept as a protected secret of the North. The use of Open Source Software implies a willingness to share knowledge between North and South -While it is disputed if Open Source Software is less expensive to run than proprietary software, it is undisputed that the acquisition costs are lower (some studies claim higher administration and training costs). In the context of development cooperation this means that little or no money has to be spend for goods imported from the North while local personnel in the South can carry out training and maintenance tasks. This effectively reduces the allocation of development cooperation resources to the North. Additionally Open Source Software solutions can be at the base of local distribution and support networks that can create autonomous economic activity in the South. Open Source Software also has some weaknesses. The focus of most FLOSS-products is more on the technical user; this can be a hindrance for the inexperienced user. However, Open Source Software is gradually improving in this area. Furthermore, due to the fact that not a lot of people are using Open Source Software, in some places there might be a lack of training opportunities and support, although this lack of support is compensated by an extensive amount of Open Source Software-support on the Internet. The relatively small user base of Open Source Software also might give organizations some compatibility problems with organizations that use the Œstandard¹ proprietary software. In the context of international co-operation and development, Open Source Software is a very promising approach, because it is far more conducive to its stated goals of non-dependent development, fostering of local knowledge, diversity and sustainability. Successful Open Source Software projects have shown that cooperation on an equal basis is possible between organizations and individuals independent of origin. This hints at the potential of the methods of production, co-operation and exchange pioneered by Open Source Software developers for cooperation in other realms. Therefore, we believe that it is essential to consider, and if found appropriate, to advocate, and support the use of FLOSS and the philosophy that belongs to it. Politics and Open Source Software At the end of this year Geneva hosts the World Summit on the Information Society that is to result in a declaration and an action plan by governments on how to achieve a information society that is of benefit to us all. Numerous drafts have been published, some people centred, some market centred, all mentioning Open Source Software. It is mentioned for example as Œbasic elements in the development of a more affordable access to ICTs¹. And also Œthe development and use of open standards are particularly important for developing countries. In this regard the increased use of Open Source Software can contribute to increasing access and to adding to the diversity of choice of software for consumers¹. Open Source Software development has already been recognised by Dutch Parliament as the way forward. In November 2002 Parliament accepted a motion on open source software. It stated that the current market conditions are not optimal (concentrated suppliers and high costs of switching) and that software plays a crucial role in a knowledge society. The motion called upon the government to make sure that all software used by the Dutch public sector in 2006 meets the open standards, stimulate the production and distribution of open source software in the Dutch public sector and set concrete and ambitious standards for this. The Dutch political party GroenLinks proposed a strategy based on four elements: Œbuy open¹, Œmake open¹, Œstimulate open¹ and Œwith(in) the EU if possible¹. We would like to adapt these elements, and internationalise them, link them to the WSIS and present them with a development angle. Use open - Organisations working in the development sector, both nationally and internationally (e.g. World Bank) and governments should start implementing FLOSS wherever possible. - Organisations working in the development sector, both nationally and internationally (e.g. World Bank) and governments should be able to exchange documents in open (file-) formats. Buy open - By 2008 organisations working in the development sector, both nationally and internationally (e.g. World Bank) and governments should only buy software using open (file-) formats. - In the meanwhile development projects and organizations that receive funding for software should whenever possible spend this on FLOSS. Make open - By 2008 organisations working in the development sector, both nationally and internationally (e.g. World Bank) and governments should set up a fund for southern initiatives for the production of FLOSS. - The action plan that will be agreed upon at the WSIS should contain funding for southern FLOSS development. - Software made with development funds, should be available within the public domain (and comply with OSI guidelines). Stimulate open - The action plan that will be agreed upon at the WSIS should contain concrete actions for knowledge sharing and training on FLOSS. (An international knowledge centre could be an option) - By 2008 organisations working in the development sector, both nationally and internationally (e.g. World Bank) and governments should always advocate the use of FLOSS and other modes of knowledge production and sharing Internationally - The declaration and action plan that will be agreed upon at the WSIS should refer to FLOSS as a key element in developing an 'information society for all¹ - Organisations working in the development sector, both nationally and internationally (e.g. World Bank) and governments should not wait for international consensus with using, buying, making and stimulating FLOSS but start right now. inline text box 1: Free as in speech While this manifesto focuses on the practical advantages of Open Source Software in the context of development cooperation it is important to stress that the FLOSS movement also has an ideological component. This includes that anyone should have the freedom to run, change, distribute and study software independent of outside interferences and limitations. In the context of development cooperation this ability to operate independent of external interests and interferences helps ensure that the focus is kept on the more important issues. inline text box 2: FLOSS and the link with Good Governance and Local Ownership In the field of development cooperation 'good governance' and Œlocal ownership¹ have become important criteria for allocating resources. In contrast to proprietary software, key elements of what is considered to be 'good governance' and Œlocal ownership¹ can be found in the FLOSS approach to software development, distribution and implementation: The principles of transparency and participation for example are embodied within FLOSS. This means that FLOSS provides tools that are in line with the goals and intentions of development cooperation projects The Hague, 25 June 2003 Waag Society Hivos [1] ŒFree, Libre and Open Source Software¹ and ŒFLOSS¹, as well as ŒOpen Source Software¹ and ŒOSS¹ are all used in this document and are interchangeable. FLOSS is more correct, OSS more commonly used. [2] Organized by Waag Society and Hivos, 2-4 June 2003 in Amsterdam, with guests and speakers from The Netherlands, Costa Rica, India, Uganda, Italy and Iran. From menso at xs4all.nl Tue Jul 8 16:05:49 2003 From: menso at xs4all.nl (Menso Heus) Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2003 12:35:49 +0200 Subject: [Reader-list] Post-PATRIOT Magnetic Motto Maker Message-ID: <20030708103549.GB23558@xs4all.nl> http://deprogramming.us/ppmmm/ -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- I just want all of you to know I have weapons of mass destruction -------------------------------------------------------------------------- From faizan at sarai.net Tue Jul 8 17:28:48 2003 From: faizan at sarai.net (Faizan Ahmed) Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2003 17:28:48 +0530 Subject: [Reader-list] Fwd: [AMUNetwork] Shahryar's Poetry Message-ID: <200307081728.48420.faizan@sarai.net> ---------- Forwarded Message ---------- Subject: [AMUNetwork] Shahryar's Poetry Date: Fri, 04 Jul 2003 08:06:28 +0530 From: AMU PRO To: amunetwork at yahoogroups.com> THROUGH THE CLOSED DOORWAY: A new translation of Shahryar's nazms The much-loved Urdu poet, Shahryar, will now reach out to a larger audience through a new English translation of his poetry. Published by the prestigious publishing company, Rupa & Co. and translated into English by Rakhshanda Jalil, a collection of hundred nazms is due to hit bookstalls in all major cities across India by September. Entitled Through the Closed Doorway; these nazms explore the joys and sorrows of ordinary, lived experiences, the complexities and ambivalences of city life, the oppressive sense of melancholy and dislocation of the urban milieu. Shahryar's songs for popular Hindi films such as "Umrao Jaan", "Gaman", "Anjuman" and "Faasle" enjoy and enduring mass appeal. Taxi drivers in Mumbai are still apt to play Seene mein jalan aankhon mein toofan sa kyoon hai/Is shehr mein har shaqs pareshan sa kyuoon hai decades after the film's release. Popular Hindi film playback singer, Asha Bhonsle, is still known to open many a concert with those haunting lines from "Umrao Jaan" Yeh kya jagah hai doston, yeh kaun sa dayar hai/Hadd-e-nigah tak jahan ghubar hi ghubar hai. Equally respected by the connoisseurs of Urdu poetry, Shahryar today enjoys a formidable reputation as one of the foremost poets of his generation. Spanning over 40 years, his voice has remained compelling, insightful and completely unaffected. Despite early critical acclaim and commercial success, Shahryar has consistently refused to become a performer playing to the gallery at mushairas, or merely a successful wordsmith churning out hits from a plush Bollywood studio. Practically from the beginning of his career, he has been straddling two worlds with consummate ease - that of academia and poetics. Honoured with several prestigious national and international awards including the Sahitya Akademi award, Shahryar retired as Chairman and Professor of Urdu from the Aligarh Muslim University in 1996. His first collection of poems, sme-Aazam was published in 1965. Since then he has published four others: Saatvan Dar, Hijr Ke Mausam, Khwab Ka Dar Band Hai and Neend Ki Kirchein. He has also published five collections in Devanagri script, thus bridging the Urdu-Hindi divide and reaching out to those who appreciate Urdu poetry but cannot read the Urdu script. His latest collection, brought out by the Sahitya Akademi, is entitled Dhund Ki Roshni. What sets apart Shahryar's poetics from that of other modern Urdu poets is the sheer lyricism, the sweet melodiousness that is all the more striking because it is garbed in an everyday, conversational idiom. The relentless probing of his own heart and the human predicament is viewed through the prism of his intensely personal experiences. At the same time, there is none of the stridiency and militant ideological onslaught of any particular school of thought that mars much of the modern poetry coming out of India, irrespective of language. Instead, there is a collage of images that tell a story of their own. Sensual, multi-coloured, delicately filigreed, these word pictures - tumbling out of a kaleidoscope of the known and the familiar - capture the pathos and alienation of the urban individual with just a few deftly dawn strokes. Unabashedly personal, Shahryar's nazms, such as the ones chosen here for translation, reach out to form an immediate bond claming a sense of kinship, touching a chord somewhere, evoking the tremulous wonder of dreams. Rahat Abrar PRO - ------------------------------------------------------- -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: application/defanged-326691 Size: 7587 bytes Desc: not available Url : http://mail.sarai.net/pipermail/test1/attachments/20030708/f1803f2d/attachment.bin From competitiva14 at videobrasil.org.br Tue Jul 8 20:59:26 2003 From: competitiva14 at videobrasil.org.br (videobrasil) Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2003 12:29:26 -0300 (EST) Subject: [Reader-list] 14 Videobrasil: trabalhos selecionados / selected works Message-ID: <20030708152926.2AA9C1C03F3@far.insite.com.br> Contund�ia marca Competitiva do Sul A contund�ia experimental das m�as na arte, que muitas vezes traduz a tens�pr�a do nosso contexto, marcado por conflitos econ�os, �icos e religiosos, � que distingue os 97 trabalhos selecionados para a Mostra Competitiva do 14� Festival Internacional de Arte Eletr�a � Videobrasil. A lista completa (leia abaixo) acaba de ser anunciada pela comiss�que escolheu os trabalhos de 20 pa�s, formada por Andr�rasil, professor da PUC-MG, Christine Mello, pesquisadora de artem�a pela PUC-SP, e Solange Farkas, presidente da Associa� e curadora do Festival. �A sele� reflete um momento pol�co e social pouco prop�o aos formalismos�, diz Solange. �Nosso olhar se voltou para as imagens que nos afetaram, produzindo deslocamentos de pensamento e linguagem, expl�ta ou implicitamente pol�cos.� O aumento quantitativo e qualitativo da produ� do circuito sul imp�m rigor ainda maior na escolha. Ao todo, foram analisadas 765 obras de 40 pa�s. O uso t�co e subversivo da m�a, as estrat�as modernas de controle (como c�ras de vigil�ia , o GPS e o olhar onipresente dos reality shows) e as novas formas de nomadismo na contemporaneidade s�alguns dos temas recorrentes entre os selecionados. ---------------------------------------------------------- Pungency prevails in the Southern Competitive Show The experimental pungency of the media in art, which often translates the tension characteristic of our context, marked by economic, ethnic and religious conflicts, is what distinguishes the 97 works selected for the Competitive Show of the 14th International Electronic Art Festival � Videobrasil. The complete list (read below) has just been announced by the committee which selected the works from 20 nations, composed of Andr�Brasil, professor at PUC-MG, Christine Mello, media art researcher by PUC-SP, and Solange Farkas, president of the Associa� and curator of the Festival. �The selection reflects a political and social moment not propitious to formalisms,� says Solange. �Our regard was directed to the images which have affected us, producing displacements in thoughts and language, explicitly or implicitly political.� The quantitative and qualitative increase of the southern circuit production imposed still more rigor to the choices. A total of 765 works of 40 nations was analysed. The tactic and subversive use of the media, the modern strategies of control (such as surveillance cameras, the GPS and the omnipresent eye of reality shows) and the new forms of nomadism in the contemporaneousness are some of the recurrent themes among the selected works. ---------------------------------------------------------- Contundencia marca Competitiva del Sur La contundencia experimental de la media en la arte, que muchas veces traduce la tensi�ropia de nuestro contexto, marcado por conflictos econ�os, �icos y religiosos, es lo que distingue los 97 trabajos seleccionados para la Muestra Competitiva del 14� Festival Internacional de Arte Electr�a � Videobrasil. La lista completa (lee abajo) acaba de ser anunciada por la comisi�ue ha escogido los trabajos de 20 pa�s, formada por Andr�rasil, profesor de la PUC-MG, Christine Mello, investigadora de arte media por la PUC-SP, e Solange Farkas, presidente de la Associa� y curadora del Festival. �La selecci�efleja un momento pol�co y social poco propicio a los formalismos�, dice Solange. �Nuestro mirar se volvi�cia las im�nes que nos afectaron, produciendo desplazamientos de pensamiento y lenguaje, explicita o impl�tamente pol�cos.� El aumento cuantitativo y cualitativo de la producci�el circuito sur impuso un escogimiento a lo m�riguroso en la escoja. En total, fueron analizadas 765 obras de 40 pa�s. El uso t�ico y subversivo de la media, las estrategias modernas de control (como c�ras de vigilancia, el GPS y el mirar omnipresente de los reality shows) y las nuevas formas de nomadismo en la contemporaneidad son algunos de los temas recurrentes entre los seleccionados. ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Mostra Competitiva do Sul: os selecionados Southern Competitive Show: selected works Muestra Competitiva del Sur: los seleccionados 04.11.02 / Sagi Groner / Israel / Video 11 de Septiembre / Claudia Aravena / Chile/Germany / Video 6=36 / Miodrag Krkobabic / Servia / Video A Revolu� n�ser�elevisionada � Epis� 1 / Andr�ontenegro, Daniel Lima, Daniela Labra and Fernando Coster / Brazil-SP / Video A.M.N. (All My Nightmares) / Ethem Ozguven / Turkey / Video About / Eusebio Ba�os Gonz�z / Mexico / Video Abry / Joel Pizzini, L�Rocha and Paloma Rocha / Brazil-SP / Video A� e Dispers�/ Cezar Migliorin / Brazil-RJ / Video Apocalyptic Man / Sebastian Dias Morales/ Argentina/Mexico / Video Aqui de Novo / Lucas Bambozzi / Brazil-SP / Video Aurora / Jurandir M�and Kiko Goifman / Brazil-SP / Video Being / Derek HUI / China / Video BMX / Alexandre da Cunha / Brazil/United Kingdom / Video Bolinhos / Marcia Antabi / Brazil-RJ / Video Cachorro Louco / C�r Meneghetti / Brazil/Italy / Video Capit�a / Danillo Barata / Brazil-BA / Video Carta a Minha M�/ In�Cardoso / Brazil-SP / Video Cinepolis, The Movie Capital / Ximena Cuevas / Mexico / Video Ciranda / Leandro HBL and Ana Siqueira / Brazil-MG / Video Cole� / Orlando Maneschy / Brazil-SP / Video Cows / Gabriela Golder / Argentina/Germany / Video Cyberzoo / Gustavo Romano / Argentina / Net Das Kapital v.07: Moral and economic division from the digital dissolution over the bla bla bla... / Marcello Mercado / Argentina/Germany/France / Video Das ligd Von Der Erde / Marcelo Machado / Brazil-SP / Video Days of my Life / Shrin Kouladjie / Iran/Canada / Net Deleuze Enquanto Modelo Vivo / Marcellvs L. / Brazil-MG / Video Desenho / Juliana Alvarenga Freitas / Brazil-MG / Video Diary V3.2 / Dirck de Bruyn / Australia / CD-ROM DiS cOn NeC tEd / Marcelo Garcia / Brazil/United Kingdom / Video Dormentes / In�Cardoso / Brazil-SP / Video Eintauchen (Diving In) / Jovan Arsenic / Yugoslavia/Germany / Video El Ticket que Explot�Gustavo Galuppo / Argentina / Video Est�o-escape (V�o) 2 / Daniel Trench / Brazil-SP / Video Eu Nunca Esqueci / Lucila Meirelles / Brazil-SP / Video Eu sou o Filho do H�o Oiticica / Carlo Sansolo / Brazil-RJ / Video Face A Face B / Rabih Mrou� Lebanon / Video Fic� Cient�ca / Wagner Morales / Brazil-SP / Video Geopolix / Pedro Adolfo / Portugal / Video Hear / Kedy FAN Ho-ki / China / Video Hotel / Ivan Edeza / Mexico / Video How Things Work (Como as Coisas Funcionam) / Roberto Bellini / Brazil/USA / Video Humanos v.1 / Lilia P�z Romero / Mexico/Canada / Net I Love My India / Tejal Shah / India / Video Imprescind�is / Carlos Magno / Brazil-MG / Video In Deaths Dream Kingdom Net Version / Andrea Nacach, Ivan Marino and Luis Negron / Argentina/Venezuela/Spain / Net January 10th / Nabil Kojok / Lebanon / Video L� C� Nelson Enohata and Renata Rico / Brazil-SP / Video Li�s Americanas � HO HO HO / Simone Michelin / Brazil-RJ / Video Little Lake / Ethem Ozguven / Turkey / Video Mano Bob e o Diabo na Praia Pregui�/ Artur Matuck, Ricardo Matsuzawa and S�io Nesteriuk / Brazil-SP / Video Matching Four with Twelve: Mapping Vapor / Jamsen LAW Sum-Po / China / Video Mat�a dos Sonhos / Andr�mparo, Chico de Paula, Cl�io Santos, Fab�a Goiaba, F�o Ribeiro, Let�a Capanema, Marcelo Braga, Milene Migliano and Rodrigo Minelli / Brazil-MG / Video Missing Henry / WOO Ling-ling / China / Video Mpolis / Marcia Vaitsman / Brazil/Germany / Interactive video in DVD-R Mreza / Anita Bacic / Australia / CD-ROM Nanofania / Cao Guimar� / Brazil-MG / Video Napoli Centrale / Bouchra Khalili / Morocco/France / Video Neptune�s Choice / Eder Santos / Brazil-MG / Video Nodal.Info / Christian Parsons / Argentina / CD-ROM O Santinho On line / Simone Michelin / Brazil-RJ / Net Out of Fear / Bettina Frankham / Australia / Video Papilas / Renata Alencar / Brazil-MG / Video Paz Final / Man�ral / Brazil-RJ / Video Personal? ID? Card / Miodrag Krkobabic / Servia / Video Pesar / Tadeu Jungle / Brazil-SP / Video Projeto Telepatia / Daniel S� / Brazil-SP / Net Pure Reality / Gert Hatsukov / Esthonia / Video Quienes Son? / Alex Stikich / Venezuela/USA / Video Ratos de Rua / Meton Jofilly and Rafael Rodrigues / Brazil-RJ / Video Replay (bis) / Lamia Joreige / Lebanon / Video Ressonancia / Lara Arellano / Argentina / Video Revoilusi�Revoillusion) / Neyeri Avalos / Mexico/Cuba / Video Rostilidades � Os Sentidos do Rosto / Patricia Moran / Brazil-MG / Video Saving Face / Jalal Toufic / Lebanon / Video Selbstfortplanzungszellenproteinstrukturanalysebericht (The unstable CD) / Marcia Vaitsman / Brazil/Germany / CD-ROM Sem T�lo / Ricardo M�Carioba / Brazil-SP / Video Seq�s de Imers�/ Paula Signorelli / Brazil-SP / Video Souvenir / Marcelo Braga / Brazil-MG / Video The Lure of Gestures / Edgar Endress / Chile/USA / Video The Measure of a Cloud / WOO Ling-ling / China / Video The Ogre / IP Yuk-Yiu / China / Video The Same Old Choice / Francisca Caporali, Joana Meniconi, Rafael Morado and Ricardo Portilho / Brazil-MG / Video Theta / Amitai Arnon / Israel / Video Topograf� Desmesuradas / Mariela Yeregui / Argentina/Spain / Net Two or Three Things I Know about Ohio / Luis Valdovino and Dan Boord / Argentina/USA / Video Underneath / Liu Wei / China / Video Unknown Zone / Katarzyna Paczesniowska-Renner / Poland/Germany / CD-ROM Untitled For Several Reasons / Roy Samaha / Lebanon / Video Very Fantastic / SO Man-yee / China / Video Vida Por Um Fio � Oum Kalsoum / Sheila Hara and Kika Nicolela / Brazil-SP / Video Volta ao Mundo em algumas P�nas / Cao Guimar� / Brazil-MG / Video Web Paisagem 0 / Gisele Beiguelman, Marcus Bastos and Rafael Marchetti / Brazil-SP / Net xx / B�ara Soalheiro, Helena Campos, Juliana Ribeiro, Marina Rezende, Milena de Almeida and Roberta Maia / Brazil-MG / Video YONG-SHIN-GUD (calling-dragon-spirit) / Semi Ryu / South Korea / Video Your Kidney Supermarket / Shilpa Gupta / India / Video Your latest track / Calin Man / Rumania / Net Zonadefault.com / Ricardo Rendon / Mexico / Net ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Programa� paralela re�end�ias que se destacaram A comiss�anunciou a introdu� de novos programas a partir desta edi� do Festival, criados pela observa� de trabalhos inscritos que tiveram destaque especial no decorrer das discuss�do per�o de sele�. Paralelos �ompetitiva, eles ter�a fun� de apontar pesquisas emergentes e chamar a aten� para tend�ias importantes no campo da arte. S�trabalhos que transitam em contextos diferenciados do eixo curatorial do Festival, e permitem examinar vest�os instigantes daquilo que aponta linhas de pesquisa j�m andamento, al�do futuro da produ�. A id� segue a filosofia da Associa� de se mover em torno �ompreens�dos des�ios da produ� audiovisual. O 14� Festival antecipa o novo formato com �Investiga�s Contempor�as�, programa dedicado a obras que se destacam pela qualidade da pesquisa e que dizem respeito �eflex�e ao estudo da arte, tanto em seus processos de desenvolvimento de linguagem como pela maneira como articulam e inovam conte�de abordagem (leia abaixo os trabalhos inclu�s). A partir da pr�a edi� do Festival, al�de �Investiga�s Contempor�as� passa a ser oficial uma segunda mostra, �Novos Vetores�, que ter�omo objetivo incluir obras de n�s novos de trabalho, das mais variadas regi�do Brasil e de pa�s cuja produ� come�a ganhar relev�ia. ---------------------------------------------------------- Parallel programming gathers prominent trends The committee announced the introduction of new programs from this edition on in the Festival, created by the observation of the works applied which had a special prominence during the discussions in the selecting period. In parallel to the Competitive Show, they shall point out emergent researches and capture the attention to important trends in the artistic field. These works circulate in differentiated contexts of the curatorial axis of the Festival, and allow the examination of instigating signs of what points out research lines already under progress, besides the future of the production. The idea follows the philosophy of the Associa� of moving around the understanding of the designs of the audiovisual production. The 14th Festival releases the new format with �Contemporary Investigations�, a program devoted to works which were outstanding due to the quality of research and which involve the reflection and the study of art in its processes of language development, as well as regarding the way they articulate and innovate approaching contents (read below the works included). From the next edition on in the Festival, besides �Contemporary Investigations� will be official a second show, �New Vectors�, which will have the objective to include works made by new producing nuclei from different Brazilian regions and from nations whose production begins to get relevance. ---------------------------------------------------------- Programaci�aralela re�endencias que se destacaron La comisi�a anunciado la introducci�e nuevos programas a partir de esta edici�el Festival, creados por la observaci�e trabajos inscriptos que han tenido destaque especial en el transcurso de las discusiones del periodo de selecci�Paralelos a la Competitiva, ellos tendr�la funci�e puntear investigaciones emergentes y llamar la atenci�acia las tendencias importantes en el campo del arte. Son trabajos que transitan en contextos diferenciados del eje curial del Festival, y permiten examinar vestigios instigadores de aquello que puntea l�as de investigaci�a en andamiento, adem�del futuro de la producci�La idea sigue la filosof�de la Associa� de moverse en torno a la comprensi�e los designios de la producci�udiovisual. El 14� Festival anticipa el nuevo formato con �Investigaciones Contempor�as�, programa dedicado a obras que se han destacado por la cualidad de la investigaci� que dicen respecto a la reflexi� al estudio del arte, tanto en sus procesos de desarrollo de lenguaje como por la manera como articulan y innovan contenidos de abordaje (lee abajo los trabajos inclusos). A partir de la pr�a edici�el Festival, adem�de �Investigaciones Contempor�as� pasa a ser oficial una segunda muestra, �Nuevos Vectores�, que tendr�omo objetivo incluir obras de nuevos n�s de trabajo, de las m�variadas regiones de Brasil y de pa�s cuya producci�omienza a ganar relevancia. ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Investiga�s Contempor�as Contemporary Investigations Investigaciones Contempor�as Amigos de Mr. Blowup / Andr�sn't and Cila Mac Dowell / Brazil-DF / CD-ROM Anatawa Ikaga Desuka / How Are You? / Como Vai? / Almir Almas / Brazil-SP / Video Anteontem, Ontem e Hoje / Marie Ange Bordas / Brazil/France / V�o Br�is VHS � Video Homeless System / Leandro Vieira and Mariana Meloni / Brazil-SP / Net Cave Cave Deus Videt! / Santana Dardot and Gustavo Timponi / Brazil-MG / Net Cinemarginal.com.br / Eug�o Puppo and Pablo Zurita / Brazil-SP / Net Devir / Daniela Mattos / Brazil-RJ / Video Do it Yourself / Videoart (15 Suggestions to keep in mind) / Federico Mercuri / Argentina / Video Encomenda Ao Ganso / Pablo Lobato / Brazil-MG / Video Fate (Destino) / Frederico C�ra / Brazil/United Kingdom / Video From rummanhameed at yahoo.com Wed Jul 9 14:20:13 2003 From: rummanhameed at yahoo.com (Rumman Hameed) Date: Wed, 9 Jul 2003 01:50:13 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Reader-list] Shocking!! In-Reply-To: <200307081722.25636.faizan@sarai.net> Message-ID: <20030709085013.48860.qmail@web21102.mail.yahoo.com> The story pasted below comes from Mumbai, and i found it truly shocking. Rumman ************ True Story ... A woman at a Gas nightclub (Mumbai) on Saturday night was taken by 5 men, who according to hospital and police reports, gang raped her before dumping her at Bandstand Mumbai. Unable to remember the events of the evening, tests later confirmed the repeat rapes along with traces of rohypnol in her blood. Progesterex, that is an essentially a small sterilization pill. The drug is now being used by rapists at parties to rape AND sterilize their victims. Progesterex is available to vets to sterilize large animals. Rumour has it that the Progesterex is being used together with Rohypnol, the date rape drug. As with Rohypnol, all they have to do is drop it into the girl's drink. The girl can't remember a thing the next morning, of all that had taken place the night before. Progesterex, which dissolves in drinks just as easily, is such that the victim doesn't conceive from the rape and the rapist needn't worry about having paternity test identifying him months later. The drug's effects ARE NOT TEMPORARY - They are P*E*R*M*A*N*E*N*T Progesterex was designed to sterilize horses. Any female that Takes it WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO CONCEIVE. The weasels can get this drug from anyone who is in the vet school or any university. It's that easy, and Progesterex is about to break out big on campuses everywhere. Believe it or not, there is even sites on the Internet telling people how to use it. Please forward this